Top 40 countries by the number of scientific papers published; http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2016/11/top-40-countries-by-number-of.html

Top 40 countries by the number of scientific papers published (i.imgur.com)

http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2016/11/top-40-countries-by-number-of.html

useful table:

https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/20k5dk/top_40_countries_by_the_number_of_scientific/

Country	Population	GDP(Million USD)	Papers	Papers Per Capita*1000	GDP/Paper
Switzerland	7,997,000	631,183	21,372	2.673	29.533
Denmark	5,590,000	314,889	11,787	2.109	26.715
Sweden	9,517,000	523,804	18,645	1.959	28.094
Norway	5,019,000	499,667	9,207	1.834	54.270
Netherlands	16,770,000	770,067	29,296	1.747	26.286
Australia	22,680,000	1,564,419	38,607	1.702	40.522
Finland	5,414,000	247,389	9,207	1.701	26.870
Singapore	5,312,000	276,520	8,768	1.651	31.537
New Zealand	4,433,000	171,256	6,805	1.535	25.166
Belgium	11,140,000	483,402	16,111	1.446	30.004
Canada	34,880,000	1,821,445	49,947	1.432	36.468
United Kingdom	63,230,000	2,417,600	90,018	1.424	26.857
Ireland	4,589,000	210,638	6,429	1.401	32.764
Israel	7,908,000	241,069	10,492	1.327	22.976
Austria	8,462,000	394,458	11,011	1.301	35.824
Taiwan	23,340,000	474,149	24,255	1.039	19.549
Germany	81,890,000	3,425,956	82,550	1.008	41.502
United States	313,900,000	16,244,600	310,206	0.988	52.367
Spain	47,270,000	1,322,126	43,300	0.916	30.534
France	65,700,000	2,611,221	57,751	0.879	45.215
Portugal	10,530,000	212,139	9,034	0.858	23.482
Greece	11,280,000	248,941	9,451	0.838	26.340
South Korea	50,000,000	1,129,598	39,285	0.786	28.754
Italy	60,920,000	2,013,392	47,403	0.778	42.474
Czech Republic	10,510,000	196,446	8,163	0.777	24.065
Japan	127,600,000	5,960,180	68,308	0.535	87.254
Poland	38,540,000	489,852	17,186	0.446	28.503
Turkey	74,000,000	788,299	19,753	0.267	39.908
Romania	21,330,000	169,396	5,240	0.246	32.327
Iran	76,420,000	551,588	17,598	0.230	31.344
Malaysia	29,240,000	304,726	6,565	0.225	46.417
Argentina	41,090,000	477,028	6,766	0.165	70.504
Russia	143,500,000	2,029,812	22,926	0.160	88.538
Brazil	198,700,000	2,254,109	27,808	0.140	81.060
South Africa	51,190,000	384,313	6,988	0.137	54.996
PR China	1,351,000,000	8,358,400	142,645	0.106	58.596
Thailand	66,790,000	385,694	5,190	0.078	74.315
Mexico	120,800,000	1,183,655	8,626	0.071	137.219
Egypt	80,720,000	254,671	5,592	0.069	45.542
India	1,237,000,000	1,875,213	39,640	0.032	47.306

Let me know if there's any errors - population numbers were done by hand because I'm too lazy to look up and parse a table of them. Population numbers taken from whatever Google gave for "country population".

EDIT: Added per GDP. Table sorted by GDP here. All figures for GDP taken from wikipedia, UN figures. Taiwan is not recognised by the UN, so it was taken from the IMF figures.