Citation of MSU researcher S. Ostroumov in Egypt, Saudi Arabia: his ecology paper [The theory of the hydrobiological mechanism of water self-purification in water bodies: from theory to practice: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237496625] was
cited in:
Water Pollution: Source and Treatment.
**American Journal of Environmental Engineering 2016, 6(3): 88-98.
DOI: 10.5923/j.ajee.20160603.02;
Water Pollution: Source & Treatment.
Sulaiman A. Alrumman
1
, Attalla F. El-kott
2
, Sherif M. A. S. Keshk
3,*
1
King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biological Department, Abha, Saudi
Arabia
2
Zoology Dept. Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University,
Abha, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Water covers about 70% of the Earth's surface whereas 0.002% of the water is
available for human
consumption. Contaminated water is the main source of i
nfectious diseases (e.g.
Amoebiasis and Malaria,
Cholera,
Dysentery, Paratyphoid Fever, Typhoid, Jaundice
)
.
The WHO reports that one sixth of the world’s population
(1.1 billion
people) does not have access to safe water.
Water pollutions that come from indus
try, agriculture or households, returns
negatively back to the environment.
Chemical wastes (e.g. Arsenic,
Fluorides,
Lead
, Nitrates
, Pesticides
, Petro
-chemicals) in
the water
have negative effect on living organism in water and subsequently on our health. The effects of w
ater pollution
are varied and depend on chemicals kinds that dumped and their locations (urban areas are highly polluted). Pollutants such
as lead and cadmium
are consumed by tiny animals. Later, the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.
Several countries sought to regulate the discharges of pollutants in the water to minimize pollution and contamination
through various treatments. In this
review, we are going to explain the main source of water pollution to promote
sustainable use of water
.
Moreover, ensuring the highest protection of water from all hazardous chemicals.
Keyword
s
Source of pollution,
Water pollutant,
Ha
zardous chemicals,
Infectious diseases
1. Introduction
Water pollution occurs when undesirable effluents
disperse in a water system and so water quality change.
Water pollution divided into th
ree main sources, natural
Sources: include thermal and acid effluents from volcanic
areas and are not common on the earth, domestic sources
that are primarily sewage and laundry wastes and generated
in houses, apartments, and other dwellings. In rural and
some suburban areas, domestic wastes are handled at the
individual residence and enter the environment through the
soil either in partially treated or untreated fashion. In urban
areas, domestic wastes are collocated in sewage pipes and
transmitted to cont
rol location either for treatment or
discharge into a watercourse without treatment (This
considered as the major potential source of water pollution).
Urban sewage since they handled by established
government agencies, they can usually be effectively
cont
rolled (Boyd and Tucker, 2012). Industrial wastes vary
from industry to industry and from location to location.
Some industries generate wastes high in organic matter, and
these wastes can usually handled by methods similar to
those used for domestic waste
s, such industries include
dairy and food
-processing plants, meat
-packing houses.
Other industries, however,
generate wastes that are low in
* Corresponding author:
keshksherif@gmail.com
(Sherif M. A. S. Keshk
)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/
ajee
Copyright © 201
6 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
organic matter but high in toxic chemicals such as metals,
acids or alkalis. These include chemical plants, mining
facilities, and te
xtile mills (Nesaratnam, 2014, Williams et
al., 2015).
2. Type of Pollutants
There are many types of pollutants such as Oxygen
demanding wastes; disease
-causing agents; plant nutrients;
organic chemicals; inorganic chemicals; sediments;
radioactive substan
ces and heat. In most situations, the
waste treated is a mixture of the preceding types of
pollutants, thus greatly complicating treatment and control
procedures (Nesaratnam, 2014).
Algae
and Water Pollution
A serious problem in many lakes and reservoirs u
sed as
sources of water is the growth of algae. Algae are
undesirable because they cause bad odors and flavors in
water and may produce toxic materials of potential danger
to human. Algal growth favored by warm water
temperatures, high sunlight, adequate a
source of nutrients
especially nitrates phosphates and carbon dioxide.
Therefore, algal growth is most common in summer and is
rare in winter. Occasionally, in late summer and early fall,
algal growth may be so heavy that water resembles pea
soup. This condition called an algal bloom (Palmer, 1980;
Laliberte et al., 1994; Kamarudin et al., 2015). When alg
ae
float to the surface and drift into backwaters where they
become concentrated. Bacteria attack and decompose them
Water Pollution: Source and Treatment. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304462245_Water_Pollution_Source_and_Treatment [accessed Jun 28, 2016].
**
Cited literature:
cited in:
Water Pollution: Source and Treatment.
Abstract
Water covers about 70% of the Earth's surface whereas 0.002% of the water is available for human consumption. Contaminated water is the main source of infectious diseases (e.g. Amoebiasis and Malaria, Cholera, Dysentery, Paratyphoid Fever, Typhoid, Jaundice). The WHO reports that one sixth of the world’s population (1.1 billion people) does not have access to safe water. Water pollutions that come from industry, agriculture or households, returns negatively back to… **
DOI: 10.5923/j.ajee.20160603.02;
Water Pollution: Source & Treatment.
Sulaiman A. Alrumman
1
, Attalla F. El-kott
2
, Sherif M. A. S. Keshk
3,*
1
King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biological Department, Abha, Saudi
Arabia
2
Zoology Dept. Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University,
Abha, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Water covers about 70% of the Earth's surface whereas 0.002% of the water is
available for human
consumption. Contaminated water is the main source of i
nfectious diseases (e.g.
Amoebiasis and Malaria,
Cholera,
Dysentery, Paratyphoid Fever, Typhoid, Jaundice
)
.
The WHO reports that one sixth of the world’s population
(1.1 billion
people) does not have access to safe water.
Water pollutions that come from indus
try, agriculture or households, returns
negatively back to the environment.
Chemical wastes (e.g. Arsenic,
Fluorides,
Lead
, Nitrates
, Pesticides
, Petro
-chemicals) in
the water
have negative effect on living organism in water and subsequently on our health. The effects of w
ater pollution
are varied and depend on chemicals kinds that dumped and their locations (urban areas are highly polluted). Pollutants such
as lead and cadmium
are consumed by tiny animals. Later, the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.
Several countries sought to regulate the discharges of pollutants in the water to minimize pollution and contamination
through various treatments. In this
review, we are going to explain the main source of water pollution to promote
sustainable use of water
.
Moreover, ensuring the highest protection of water from all hazardous chemicals.
Keyword
s
Source of pollution,
Water pollutant,
Ha
zardous chemicals,
Infectious diseases
1. Introduction
Water pollution occurs when undesirable effluents
disperse in a water system and so water quality change.
Water pollution divided into th
ree main sources, natural
Sources: include thermal and acid effluents from volcanic
areas and are not common on the earth, domestic sources
that are primarily sewage and laundry wastes and generated
in houses, apartments, and other dwellings. In rural and
some suburban areas, domestic wastes are handled at the
individual residence and enter the environment through the
soil either in partially treated or untreated fashion. In urban
areas, domestic wastes are collocated in sewage pipes and
transmitted to cont
rol location either for treatment or
discharge into a watercourse without treatment (This
considered as the major potential source of water pollution).
Urban sewage since they handled by established
government agencies, they can usually be effectively
cont
rolled (Boyd and Tucker, 2012). Industrial wastes vary
from industry to industry and from location to location.
Some industries generate wastes high in organic matter, and
these wastes can usually handled by methods similar to
those used for domestic waste
s, such industries include
dairy and food
-processing plants, meat
-packing houses.
Other industries, however,
generate wastes that are low in
* Corresponding author:
keshksherif@gmail.com
(Sherif M. A. S. Keshk
)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/
ajee
Copyright © 201
6 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
organic matter but high in toxic chemicals such as metals,
acids or alkalis. These include chemical plants, mining
facilities, and te
xtile mills (Nesaratnam, 2014, Williams et
al., 2015).
2. Type of Pollutants
There are many types of pollutants such as Oxygen
demanding wastes; disease
-causing agents; plant nutrients;
organic chemicals; inorganic chemicals; sediments;
radioactive substan
ces and heat. In most situations, the
waste treated is a mixture of the preceding types of
pollutants, thus greatly complicating treatment and control
procedures (Nesaratnam, 2014).
Algae
and Water Pollution
A serious problem in many lakes and reservoirs u
sed as
sources of water is the growth of algae. Algae are
undesirable because they cause bad odors and flavors in
water and may produce toxic materials of potential danger
to human. Algal growth favored by warm water
temperatures, high sunlight, adequate a
source of nutrients
especially nitrates phosphates and carbon dioxide.
Therefore, algal growth is most common in summer and is
rare in winter. Occasionally, in late summer and early fall,
algal growth may be so heavy that water resembles pea
soup. This condition called an algal bloom (Palmer, 1980;
Laliberte et al., 1994; Kamarudin et al., 2015). When alg
ae
float to the surface and drift into backwaters where they
become concentrated. Bacteria attack and decompose them
Water Pollution: Source and Treatment. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304462245_Water_Pollution_Source_and_Treatment [accessed Jun 28, 2016].
**
Cited literature:
9]
Ostroumov, S. A. (2014).
“The theory of the hydrobiological
mechanism of water self-purification in water bodies: from
theory to practice.
[70]
Paerl, H. W., Fulton, R. S., Moisander, P. H. & Dyble, J.
(2001).
“Harmful freshwater algal blooms, with an emphasis
on cyanobacteria,” The S
cientific World Journal, 1, 76-113.
[71]
Palmer, C. M. (1980).
“Algae and water pollution: the
identification, significance, and control of algae in water
supplies and in polluted water. Algae and water pollution:
the identification, significance, and control of algae in water
supplies and in polluted water,” Castle House Publications.
[72]
Paredes, C., Roig, A., Bernal, M., Sánchez
-Monedero, M. &
Cegarra, J. (2000).
“Evolution of organic matter and nitrogen
during co-composting of olive mill wastewater with solid
organic wastes,” Biology and Fertility of Soils, 32, 222-227.
Water Pollution: Source and Treatment. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304462245_Water_Pollution_Source_and_Treatment [accessed Jun 28, 2016].