S?ed?? 6,5 e?at?µµ???a ??f?f???? -?s?? p???te? ????? s?µp????se? t? 16 ? ?t?? t?? ?????a? t???- ?a????ta?, s?µe?a, ????a?? st?? ??st??a st?? ???pe? ??a ?a e???????...
ap? s??????? ??? ?p???f???? (t?sse??? ap? t??? ?p????? st??????ta? ap? p???t??? ??µµata t?? a?st??a??? ?????? ?a? ?? ????? d?? e??a? a?e???t?t??), t? d??d??? t?? ??? ?µ?sp??d?a??? p???d??? t?? ???a?, ????t? F?se?, ? ?p????, ß?se? t?? a?st??a??? S??t??µat??, ?pe?ta ap? d?? s??e?e?? e?aete?? ??te?e? (2004-2016) st? ?pat? a???µa, de? µp??e? ?a e??a? p???? ?p???f??? ??a µ?a t??t? f???.
???a? ? p??t? f???, ?pe?ta ap? t?? ?a?????s? t?? e?????? t?? p???d??? t?? ???a? ape??e?a? ap? t? ?a? t? 1951, p?? ? a???µ?? t?? ?p???f??? e??a? t?s? µe?????, ?p?? e??a? ?a? ? p??t? f???, p??, s?µf??a µe t?? d?µ?s??p?se??, ? µe????t???? p??ed??? t?? ???a? µp??e? ?a µ?? p?????eta? ? ?a µ?? st????eta? ap? ??a e? t?? d?? ??µµ?t?? p?? ??ße????sa? µetap??eµ??? st?? ??st??a, t? S?s?a?d?µ???at??? ?a? t? s??t???t??? ?a???.
?p?p???? e??a? ? p??t? f??? p?? de? ap???e?eta? p?? ? µe????t???? p??ed??? µp??e? ?a e??a? ? s?µe????? ?p???f??? t?? a???de???? e?????st???? ??µµat?? t?? ??e??????, t?? µe?a??te??? t?? a?t?p???te?s??, t? ?p??? eµfa???eta? se ??e? t?? d?µ?s??p?se?? t?? te?e?ta??? µ???? ?? ? p??t? p???? p???t??? d??aµ? st? ???a.
?a??? ?a???a? t?? p??te ?p???f??? ?a? t?? µ?a? ?p???f?a?, de? ??e? p??a??t?te? ?a s???e?t??se? a???? t?? ap???t? p?e????f?a, ?a??stata? a?a??a??? ??a? de?te??? ????? t?? p??ed????? e?????? p?? ?a p?a?µat?p????e? st?? 22 ?a??? ?a? se a?t?? ?a ß?e???? ?? d?? ep???at?ste??? t?? a???a??? a?aµ?t??s??, µe t?? ?p???f?? t?? ??e?????? ?a ??e? µe???e? p??a??t?te? ?a e??a? ??a? e? t?? d??.
Bas???µe??? sta e???µata d?µ?s??p?se?? t?? pe?asµ???? eßd?µ?d??, ap? ta ?p??a de? d?af????? e?e??a t?? d?? p???? p??sfat?? d?µ?s??p?se?? st?? a???? a?t?? t?? eßd?µ?da?, a?a??t?? ?a? d?µ?s??p?? p??ß??p??? ??a a???? µ?a «µ??? st???? µe st????» a??µesa se t?e?? ap? t??? ??? ?p???f???? ??a t? d?e?d???s? t?? p??t?? ??s??.
? eµfa????µe??? ?? a?e???t?t?? ?p???f??? - ? ?p???? ?µ?? ?p?st????eta? ap? t? ??µµa t?? - p???? a?????? t?? ???s???? t?? a?t?p???te?s??, ??e???te? ?a? ?te? ?p??e?, d?at????se sta?e?? p??ß?d?sµa ?a? st?? d?? te?e?ta?e? d?µ?s??p?se?? µe p?s?st? ???? st? 25 -26%, e?? a????????se, µe s?et??? µ???? d?af???, ? ?p???f??? t?? a???de???? e?????st???? ??µµat?? t?? ??e??????, ???µpe?t ??fe?, µe p?s?st? 24%.
???t? t?? d?µ?s??p?se?? ?ta? ? a?e???t?t? ?p???f?a ??µ??a??t G???? eµfa????µe?? µe p?s?st? 20 - 21% , e?? se a??et? ap?stas? ap? t??? t?e??, ß??s???ta? ?? ?p???f??? t?? d?? s????ße????t?? s?µe?a st?? ??st??a ??µµ?t??, ? ????t??f ????tst??fe?, t?? S?s?a?d?µ???at????, µe 15 - 16% ?a? ? ??t??a? ??? t?? s??t???t???? ?a???? ??µµat??, µe p?s?st? ???? st? 11% ?a? ?a ?peta? µe µ???? 3%? ??t?? ?p???f???, ? a?e???t?t?? ???a??t ??????e?.
??µ?s??p?? ?a? a?a??t?? ad??at??? ?a p??ß?????? p???? ?a e??a? ?? d?? ?p???f??? p?? ?a a?aµet?????? st?? de?te?? ????, s?µe?????ta? p?? ? µe???? t??e?pt??? a?aµ?t??s? ?a? t?? ??? ?p???f??? t? ß??d? t?? ??µpt?? st? d?µ?s?a ??st??a?? ???e??as?, ep???ase se ??p??? ßa?µ? t? µe???? a???µ? t?? a?ap?f?s?st?? p?? f??eta? ?a ?p?????? µ???? t? te?e?ta?? e???s?tet????? p??? t?? ???pe?.
? ?p???f??? t?? S?s?a?d?µ???at?? , ? 64?????? ????tst??fe?, ?ta? ??? t??a ?p?????? ?????????? ?p??es??? ?a? p???? p??ed??? t?? ??st??a??? ?µ?sp??d?a? S??d???t??, ? ?p???? st?? p??e??????? a???a e??e ?a a?t?µet?p?se? t? d?sa??s?e?a ap? t? ??ße???t??? ???? t?? ??µµat?? t??, ?p?? s???ß? ?a? µe t?? 74????? ?p???f?? t?? ?a???? ??µµat??, ??t??a? ???.
???et?? ap? t??? ??f?f????? t?? S?s?a?d?µ???at?? f????ta? ?a e?f?????? s?µp??e?a ??a t?? 71 et?? ?p???f?? t?? ??as???? ?a? ?te? ?p??e?, p?? e??e d?ate??se? ep? se??? et?? a?????? t?? ??µµat?? ?a? µp??e? ?a ap?sp?se? µ???? t?? s?s?a?d?µ???at?? ??f?f????, ?p?? µp??e? ?a s?µße? t? ?d?? ?a? µe ??f?f????? t?? ?a???? ??µµat??.
? ??? t??a ?pa?????? t?? ??e??e??? ?a? de?te??? a?t?p??ed??? t?? a?st??a??? ??????, ? 45?????? ??fe?, e??a? ? ?p???f??? t?? a???de???? e?????st???? ??µµat?? a?t??, t? ?p??? ??a p??t? f??? ß??s?eta? t?s? ???t? st? ?pat? a???µa t?? ???a?, t? ?p??? ß?ßa?a ?? ?d??? epa?e???µµ??a ????? ep?????e? ?? pe??tt? - ??' a?t? ?a? a??et? µe???? µe??da t?? de? s?µµete??e ?a? st?? p??ed????? e?????? st? pa?e????.
St?? p??e??????? t?? a???a e?µeta??e????e st? ?pa??? t?? p??sf????? ???s?, ?p?? ??a?e t? ??µµa t?? ??e?????? se d?? p??sfate? e???????? a?aµet??se?? st?? d?µ?t???? ?a? pe??fe?e?a??? e?????? sta ?µ?sp??da ??at?d?a t?? ??? ??st??a? ?a? t?? ???????, ?p?? ?ep??ase ? ?????e, a?t?st???a, t? e?t?p?s?a?? p?s?st? t?? 30% .
??e???t?t? ?p???f?a, µe s??t???t??? p???t??? p????aµµa, e??a? ? p???? p??ed??? t?? ??st??a??? ???tat?? ???ast?????, ? 69????? G????, ?p?? ep?s?? a?e???t?t?? ?p???f??? e??a? ? 84?????? e??e?t????? µe?a??e?????ß?? ?a? ep??e???µat?a? ???a??t ??????e?.
??a??t?? pa?at????? p?? ? s?µµet??? st?? a???a?? p??t? ???? t?? e?????? ?a e?a?t??e? ap? t?? ?a??? ?a? t? ßa?µ? d?sa??s?e?a? t?? ??f?f???? µe t?? ??ß????s? p?? ß?ßa?a ?a e??a? ?a????st??? ?a? ??a t?? ep????? t???, µe µ?a µ???? s?µµet???, ?p?? s?µe?????? ?a e???e? t?? ?p???f?? t?? ???s???? ?p?? ep?s?? t?? ???a??t ??????e? p?? a?aµ??eta? ?a afa???se? ??p??e? ??f??? ap? t?? ???µpe?t ??fe?.
S?µe???eta? p?? ap? t? S?s?a?d?µ???at??? (p???? S?s?a??st???) ??µµa p???????ta? ???? ?? p??ed??? t?? ??st??a? ap? t? 1918 µ???? ?a? t? 1986, ?ta? «?spase» ? pa??d?s? µe t?? e????? se p??ed?? t?? ???a?, t?? s??t???t???? ?a? aµf??e??µe??? e?a?t?a? t?? p??a???????µe??? ?a??st???? pa?e????t?? t??, p???? Ge????? G?aµµat?a t?? ???, ????t ????t?a?µ, t?? ?p??? d?ad?????e t? 1992 ? ??µa? ???st??, ? ?p???? epa?e?e???? t? 1998, ??a ?a a???????se? ?at?p??, µe t?? e???????? t?? ???e? t? 2004 ?a? t? 2010, ? s?µe????? ?µ?sp??d?a??? p??ed???, ? S?s?a?d?µ????t?? ????t? F?se?.