Repost.
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2015/11/2002.html
Repost.
Репост.
Jan 5 2014;
On the series of publications in the journal ‘Doklady Akademii Nauk’ (2000, 372: 286-289; 2001, 378: 248-250; 2002, 382: 18-21; 2003, 390: 252-255; and others. A conference took place in 2013 that was dedicated to an anniversary of publication of these articles.
On the series of publications in the journal ‘Doklady Akademii Nauk’ (2000, 372: 286-289; 2001, 378: 248-250; 2002, 382: 18-21; 2003, 390: 252-255; and others. Conference dedicated to these articles. Evaluation by Professor Dr. V.A. Abakumov
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/01/series-of-publications-in-journal.html;
A conference took place in 2013 that was dedicated to an anniversary of publication of these articles (http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/01/sciences-on-biosphere-innovations.html ).
In the proceedings of the conference , a paper (authored by Professor V. Abakumov) was published that commented on this series of articles. The text of this paper is given below in original (in Russian) and in English (a computer translation).
**
the text of the paper of Prof. V. Abakumov in original (in Russian);
Абакумов В.А.
О НАУЧНОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ ЦИКЛА РАБОТ
ПО ПРОБЛЕМАМ ЭКОЛОГИИ И ГИДРОБИОЛОГИИ, ОПУБЛИКОВАННЫХ В ДОКЛАДАХ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (ДАН)
В 2002 Г. СОТРУДНИКОМ МГУ ДОКТОРОМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
СЕРГЕЕМ АНДРЕЕВИЧЕМ ОСТРОУМОВЫМ.
Главные результаты этих публикаций:
1. В работах ведущего научного сотрудника МГУ доктора биологических наук Сергея Андреевича Остроумова выявлена новая экологическая опасность химического загрязнения водоемов и водотоков. Ранее практически все внимание уделяли опасности гибели популяций водных организмов. Доктор биологических наук Сергей Андреевич Остроумов обнаружил еще один вид опасности. Это опасность – подавление способности экосистем восстанавливать себя, то есть осуществлять ремедиацию.
Им обнаружена опасность подавления (ингибирования) процессов экологической ремедиации в результате действия химического загрязняющего вещества. Сергей Андреевич доказал существование такой опасности при загрязнении водных экосистем синтетическими поверхностно-активными веществами, ПАВ (ДАН. 2002. т. 385. № 4. C. 571-573).
2. В экологии имелась проблема определений понятий экосистема и биогеоценоз. Существовавшие определения были даны более 70 лет назад и не могли учитывать современные знания в области биологии. Имелась настоятельная необходимость обновления этих определений экологических терминов.
В 2002 году в статье, опубликованной в Докладах Академии наук, указанным автором было предложено современное, логически непротиворечивое, достаточно простое определение термина «экосистема»; впервые проведено обновление определения термина «биогеоценоз» (ДАН. 2002. т.383. № 4. C.571-573).
3. При загрязнении водной среды ухудшаются условия обитания водных организмов. Связь между качеством воды и наличием в воде организмов представлялась ранее простой и однозначной, направленной от качества воды к водным организмам: от качества воды зависит наличие в воде живых организмов.
Сергей Андреевич Остроумов впервые выявил более сложный, двусторонний характер причинно-следственных связей между сохранением биоразнообразия водных организмов и качеством воды. А именно, им показано наличие и обратной связи: от наличия в водной экосистеме комплекса водных организмов зависит качество воды (ДАН. 2002. Т.382. № 1. С. 138-141). Это имеет практическое значение для сохранения водных ресурсов, для безопасности источников водоснабжения.
4. Указанным автором обнаружен новый тип действия химических загрязняющих веществ. Выявлен новый вид опасности веществ-загрязнителей водной среды. Этот новый вид экологической опасности – опасность нарушения связей внутри водной экосистемы. А именно, им выявлена опасность нарушения связи между двумя основными составными блоками водной экосистемы. Это связь между той частью экосистемы, которая находится в столбе воды (пелагиаль) и той частью, которая находится на дне водоема ( бенталь). (ДАН. 2002. Т.383. № 1. С.138-141).
5. Ранее был детально разработан вопрос о принципах сохранения наземных экосистем. Вопрос о принципах сохранения водных экосистем ранее был разработан значительно слабее. Этот пробел был восполнен в работе Сергея Андреевича. Указанный автор в статье в Докладах академии наук изложил новую систему принципов создания заказников и заповедников на акваториях (для водных экосистем). Новое и ценное в этой системе принципов то, что четко сформулирована необходимость сохранения фильтрационной функции водных организмов. Для этого необходимо сохранение функционально активных популяций организмов, которые фильтруют воду. Важный, но не единственный пример таких организмов – двустворчатые моллюски. Подробнее об этом Сергей Андреевич написал в статье (ДАН, 2002, т.383, стр.710-713).
Эти результаты вносят новый полезный вклад в развитие наук об окружающей среде и биологию. Полагаю целесообразным посвятить данную конференцию 10-летию со дня опубликования указанных статей, которые помогают делу сохранения окружающей среды и устойчивому рациональному использованию природных ресурсов.
Доктор биологических наук, профессор В.А. Абакумов, заведующий кафедрой Международного университета «Дубна», заведующий лабораторией Института глобального климата и экологии РАН.
**
Computer translation of this paper from Russian into English:
Professor Dr. V.A. Abakumov (Dr. Sc.) The scientific value of the series of publications on ecology and hydrobiology published in the journal 'Doklady Akademii Nauk' [DAN] (Proceedings of ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, [published by Russian Academy of Sciences]) in 2002, by Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov, Moscow State University.
The main results of these publications :
1. In his works, the leading researcher of the Moscow State University Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov discovered a new ecological risk of chemical contamination of water bodies and watercourses . Previously, almost all attention was paid to a danger of a loss of populations of aquatic organisms . Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov found another kind of danger. This is the danger of the suppression of the capacity of ecosystems to repair itself , that is to carry out remediation .
He discovered the danger of suppression ( inhibition) in environmental remediation as a result of effects produced by chemical pollutants . Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov proved the existence of a hazard of synthetic surfactants to aquatic ecosystems (DAN 2002 . V.385. No. 4 . p. 571-573).
2 . In ecology, there was a problem of definitions of the terminology, terms 'ecosystem' and 'biogeocoenosis' . Existing definitions of 'ecosystem' are more than 70 years old and could not take into account the latest knowledge in the field of biology. There was an urgent need to update the definitions of environmental terms .
In 2002, in an article published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, this author formulated a modern, logically consistent , fairly simple definition of " ecosystem" , and for the first time , a renewal of the definition of the term "biogeocoenosis" (DAN, 2002 . V.383 . No. 4 . p .571-573 ) .
3 . When water pollution worsen living conditions of aquatic organisms. Previously it was thought that the relationship between water quality and the presence of organisms in the water is simple: the presence of living aquatic organisms in water depends on the water quality.
Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov first revealed a more complex , two-sided nature of the causal links between biodiversity of aquatic organisms and water quality . Namely , he showed the presence of the feedback: the water quality in the aquatic ecosystem depends on the complex of aquatic organisms (DAN 2002 . V.382 . No. 1. p. 138-141 ) . This is of practical importance for the conservation of water resources , for the safety of water supply.
4 . This author discovered a new type of action of chemical pollutants. He identified a new type of hazard from aquatic pollutants . This new kind of environmental hazard - the risk of violations of ties within the aquatic ecosystem. Namely, he revealed the danger of breakdown in communication between the two main building blocks of the aquatic ecosystem . Namely, he discovered the hazard of uncoupling the coupling between the part of an ecosystem that is in the water column (the pelagic part) and the part that is at the bottom of the reservoir ( the benthic part, the benthal ) (DAN 2002 . V.383 . No. 1. P.138 -141) .
5 . Earlier the question was elaborated the principles of conservation of terrestrial ecosystems . Question the principles of conservation of aquatic ecosystems was previously developed much weaker. This gap was filled in the work of Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov . This author in an article in the Proceedings Academy of Sciences presented a new system of principles for establishing reserves and conservation areas in the waters ( aquatic ecosystems ) . New and valuable in this system of principles that clearly stated the need to maintain the filtration function of aquatic organisms . This requires the preservation of functionally active populations of organisms that filter the water . Important but not the only example of such organisms - clams . Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov wrote more about this in an article ( DAN , 2002, V.383 , p.710 -713 ) .
These results bring new and useful contribution to the development of environmental sciences and biology. I think it appropriate to dedicate this conference the 10th anniversary to the date of publication of these items that help to preserve the environment and sustainable management of natural resources .
Professor Dr. V.A. Abakumov (Dr. Sc.) , Head of Department, International University "Dubna" , Head of the laboratory of the Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, RAS.
**
The papers mentioned above were translated into English and published, see the bibliography:
Bibliography:
in Russian:
Идентификация нового вида опасности химических веществ: ингибирование процессов экологической ремедиации // ДАН. 2002. т. 385. № 4. C. 571-573,
[hazard to aquatic ecosystems of synthetic surfactants (DAN 2002 . V.385. No. 4 . p. 571-573)]. English translation:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200568342_Identification_of_a_New_Type_of_Ecological_Hazard_of_Chemicals_Inhibition_of_Processes_of_Ecological_Remediation?ev=srch_pub
Новые варианты определений понятий и терминов "экосистема" и "биогеоценоз" // ДАН. 2002. т.383. № 4. C.571-573.
[new definition of " ecosystem" , and for the first time , a renewal of the definition of the term "biogeocoenosis" (DAN, 2002 . V.383 . No. 4 . p .571-573) ].
Остроумов С.А. Сохранение биоразнообразия и качество воды: роль обратных связей в экосистемах. ДАН. 2002. Т.382. № 1. С. 138–141.
Остроумов С.А. Новый тип действия потенциально опасных веществ: разобщители пелагиально-бентального сопряжения. ДАН. 2002. Т.383. № 1. С. 138–141.
Остроумов С.А. Система принципов для сохранения биогеоценотической функции и биоразнообразия фильтраторов // ДАН. 2002. Т. 383. № 5. С.710-713.
In English:
Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of ecological remediation. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002. Vol.385. P. 377-379. Bibliogr. 15 refs. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911150 (ISSN 0012-4966) Abstract: The author discovered and characterized a new type of environmental hazard of chemical pollution of water, which involves inhibition of important processes of ecological remediation of ecosystems (namely, the inhibition of water filtration by aquatic bivalves). The experiments were performed using the bivalve mollusks, oysters Crassostrea gigas, and the cell suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (these cells were used as a convenient model of particles suspended in water). In the experiments, a laundry detergent (exemplified by the detergent Lanza-Automat) inhibited water filtration by the oysters C. gigas. As a result, the removal of the cells (S. cerevisiae) from water decreased. This demonstrated a new type of ecological hazard caused by water pollution with a chemical pollutant (detergent) at sublethal concentrations. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes a pronounced inhibition of the physiological activity of filter-feeders, thereby inhibiting the important ecological process of water filtration. This ecological process contributes significantly to improving water quality, water purification and the related remediation of aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair).
[The innovative results presented in the paper included the following: a new parameter quantified: Effect on elimination efficiency (EEE); a new concept of ecological remediation as ecological repair; new data on the inhibitory effects of the detergent Lanza-Automat 20 mg/L on water filtration by the oysters C.gigas and removal of the cells of S. cerevisiae from water (Tabl. 1); a summary table of the effects of cationic, anionic, non-ionic surfactants, pesticides, potassium bichromate, on marine and freshwater bivalves, larvae of Ephemeroptera, rotifers, and Cladocera – mainly the data of the author, plus some data from literature (Tabl. 2). The author identified "a new type of ecological hazard caused by water pollution. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes inhibition of the physiological activity of hydrobionts, thereby inhibiting the ecological processes mediated by the hydrobionts. These processes contribute significantly to water purification and the related remediation of aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair)" (p. 379)]. [ A technical note on the method: just for experimental convenience, the author of the paper made the suspension of organic matter in water by adding the cells of S. cerevisiae; these cells are not normally present in sea water; however they were used just as a convenient model of organic particles suspended in water. A special experiment demonstrated that the kinetics of their removal from water by marine bivalves was identical to the kinetics of the removal of phytoplankton cells].
DOI 10.1023/A:1019929305267;
http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; PMID: 12469618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911150;
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200568342_Identification_of_a_New_Type_of_Ecological_Hazard_of_Chemicals_Inhibition_of_Processes_of_Ecological_Remediation?ev=srch_pub
Ostroumov S.A. New definitions of the concepts and terms ecosystem and biogeocenosis. - Doklady Biological Sciences 2002 (March), Volume 383, Numbers 1-6, p. 141-143. www.scribd.com/doc/49065580; 2 tables. Bibliogr. 15 refs. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)] In 1935, the term 'ecosystem' was coined by A. Tansley. In the 1940s, another important term 'biogeocoenosis' was introduced by V. N. Sukachev. Since that time, a significant amount of new facts was accumulated in ecology. It is necessary to revisit the formulation of the basic concepts and terms in ecology, including the two terms mentioned above. The author proposed some new variants of the definition of the two terms that (1) reflect the modern vision of the basics of ecology; and (2) avoid the vicious circle of using other terms that in turn request their definitions. The author realizes that the new variants of the terms cannot be ideal and some other variants of the definitions are also possible. 5 specific features of the proposed definition of ecosystem (Table 1). 8 specific features of the proposed definition of biogeocenosis, and 8 distinctions between the proposed definition and the classical definition by V.N.Sukachev (Table 2)]. https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=997c8c86899d5a6e24531054ad1bcd1e;
www.springerlink.com/index/VPG4YU2V3YD6T97B.pdf;
DOI 10.1023/A:1015393924967; the Russian version of the paper: http://scipeople.ru/publication/66938/; scribd.com/doc/49065580; PMID: 12053565 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE];
Ostroumov S. A. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (January). Volume 382, Numbers 1- 6, p. 18-21. http://www.scribd.com/doc/42558469/ The article presents a new vision of how biodiversity helps towards a better environmental stability and water quality. The author made an innovative analysis of his experimental data and formulated the following fundamental principle: to maintain water quality, it is vital to protect the functionally active biodiversity of water ecosystems. In other words, according to the author’s new concept, the protection of functionally active biodiversity, including filter-feeders, is a key to maintenance of water quality. Among new facts obtained and reported in the paper: a chemical pollutant (exemplified by the synthetic detergent IXI, a sublethal concentration 20 mg/L) inhibited water filtration by the marine bivalve mollusks, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (3-25 min, 18 pro mille, 22.8ºC). Another synthetic detergent Deni-Automat ( a sublethal concentration 30 mg/L) also inhibited the water filtration by the marine bivalves oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg (2-40 min, 25.2ºC).]. These new data as well as the other related data obtained by the same author and reported in his other publications, supported the author’s fundamental concept. DOI 10.1023/A:1014465220673. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p89cugy9ddk053g7/;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/42558469/; PMID: 11998748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; http://sites.google.com/site/2dbs382p18biodivers/; http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9734342;
A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagial–benthal coupling. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383 (1-6): 127-130. Bibliogr. 15. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45913695; ISSN 0012-4966. Discovery of a new type of negative impact of pollutants on the biosphere, as a result of inhibition of water filtration by filter-feeders / suspension feeders. The water filtration and associated removal of suspended matter from water is part of migration of matter. As V.I. Vernadsky stressed, organisms are mediators of “biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere”. This migration is partly implemented in the framework of pelagial–benthal coupling via the activity of filter-feeders, which remove the organic suspended matter from water and excrete pellets. The tables contains the following data: the average percentage of assimilated (16-90%) and non-assimilated (10-84%) food matter for 15 large taxa of invertebrates (Table 1); potassium bichromate inhibited water filtration by mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Table 2); surfactants, detergents, pesticides inhibited filtration by filter-feeders, marine and freshwater bivalves and rotifers (Table 3). A prediction was made: "Further research and experimental studies are expected to provide new evidence that sublethal concentrations of chemical pollutants induce a significant decrease in the filtration capacity of freshwater and marine filter feeders" (p. 129). "The uncoupling process considered above is an anthropogenic violation of two basic laws (empirical rules or biogeochemical principles) of the biosphere functioning: (1) biogenic migration of atoms of chemical elements in the biosphere always tends toward its maximum expression; (2) on the geological time scale, the evolution of species gives rise to the forms of life that are stable in the biosphere, and is so directed that the biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere increases" (p.129).]; DOI10.1023/A:1015385723150; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=d988acb599e121964c48114374a87e8d;www.springerlink.com/index/28V23JBFADL1Y100.pdf;
System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filter-feeders.- Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383: 147-150. Bibliogr.15 refs. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com. Abstract: As a result of the author’s studies of filter-feeders (DAN, 1998, Vol. 362, P. 574-576; DAN, 2001, Vol. 378, P. 283-285), and the new experiments reported in this paper, it was firmly proved that the filtering activity of populations of filter-feeders in natural habitats might be significantly reduced if the concentrations of some pollutants (exemplified by synthetic detergents and surfactants) reach certain levels. To the author’s opinion, the ecological role of filter-feeders as factors of water purification in ecosystems is so important that the pollutant-induced inhibition of their filtering activity is a hazard to the well-being of the entire ecosystem. The author emphasizes that not only the biodiversity of filter-feeders but also their level of functional (filtration) activity is to be protected. In order to do so, the author suggested establishing a new type of protected areas whose main purpose is to protect functionally active populations of filter-feeders, including bivalve mollusks and other organisms. Those protected areas could be named hydrobiological (some variants: biofiltering, or malacological) reserves (some variants: refuges, sanctuaries, etc.). The author formulated 5 principles of nature conservation requirements in malacological and hydrobiological reserves (Tabl. 3). Among them is principle 2, protection or "conservation of filtration activity of organisms and populations". The paper contains data on how 5 synthetic detergents (1-50 mg/L) inhibited the filtration activity of the bivalve mollusks Unio tumidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas (Tabl. 2); on effects on the efficiency of elimination (EEE) of suspended matter from water that were measured (Tabl. 2); on the number of days (0.3 – 10) needed to filter the volume of aquatic (freshwater and marine) ecosystem by the local bivalve populations (a review of data from literature) (Tabl. 1). "I suggest that the existing system of protected terrestrial and water areas should be supplemented with special sites intended to conserve populations of filter-feeders. In addition to biodiversity conservation, these populations should be conserved because they fulfill a very important biogeocenotic function of water filtration and purification" (p.149). "The system of five principles…is proposed to provide an ecological basis of the environment conservation conditions at these sites (malacological and hydrobiological reserves)" (p.149)]. DOI 10.1023/A:1015398125876; www.springerlink.com/index/1MNVLNAYW36TC92R.pdf; PMID: 12053567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=888352078b275ef40a430eb5b4d7714c;
Опубликовано 5th January 2014 пользователем Dr Green
Ярлыки: anniversary Doklady Akademii Nauk journal publications
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Проф. Абакумов В.А. О научной ценности цикла работ по проблемам экологии и гидробиологии, опубликованных в Докладах академии наук (ДАН) в 2002 г. сотрудником МГУ доктором биологических наук Сергеем Андреевичем Остроумовым. // Ecological Studies, Hazards, solutions, 2013, vol. 19, p. 119-120.
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2015/11/2002.html
Repost.
Репост.
Jan 5 2014;
On the series of publications in the journal ‘Doklady Akademii Nauk’ (2000, 372: 286-289; 2001, 378: 248-250; 2002, 382: 18-21; 2003, 390: 252-255; and others. A conference took place in 2013 that was dedicated to an anniversary of publication of these articles.
On the series of publications in the journal ‘Doklady Akademii Nauk’ (2000, 372: 286-289; 2001, 378: 248-250; 2002, 382: 18-21; 2003, 390: 252-255; and others. Conference dedicated to these articles. Evaluation by Professor Dr. V.A. Abakumov
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/01/series-of-publications-in-journal.html;
A conference took place in 2013 that was dedicated to an anniversary of publication of these articles (http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/01/sciences-on-biosphere-innovations.html ).
In the proceedings of the conference , a paper (authored by Professor V. Abakumov) was published that commented on this series of articles. The text of this paper is given below in original (in Russian) and in English (a computer translation).
**
the text of the paper of Prof. V. Abakumov in original (in Russian);
Абакумов В.А.
О НАУЧНОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ ЦИКЛА РАБОТ
ПО ПРОБЛЕМАМ ЭКОЛОГИИ И ГИДРОБИОЛОГИИ, ОПУБЛИКОВАННЫХ В ДОКЛАДАХ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (ДАН)
В 2002 Г. СОТРУДНИКОМ МГУ ДОКТОРОМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
СЕРГЕЕМ АНДРЕЕВИЧЕМ ОСТРОУМОВЫМ.
Главные результаты этих публикаций:
1. В работах ведущего научного сотрудника МГУ доктора биологических наук Сергея Андреевича Остроумова выявлена новая экологическая опасность химического загрязнения водоемов и водотоков. Ранее практически все внимание уделяли опасности гибели популяций водных организмов. Доктор биологических наук Сергей Андреевич Остроумов обнаружил еще один вид опасности. Это опасность – подавление способности экосистем восстанавливать себя, то есть осуществлять ремедиацию.
Им обнаружена опасность подавления (ингибирования) процессов экологической ремедиации в результате действия химического загрязняющего вещества. Сергей Андреевич доказал существование такой опасности при загрязнении водных экосистем синтетическими поверхностно-активными веществами, ПАВ (ДАН. 2002. т. 385. № 4. C. 571-573).
2. В экологии имелась проблема определений понятий экосистема и биогеоценоз. Существовавшие определения были даны более 70 лет назад и не могли учитывать современные знания в области биологии. Имелась настоятельная необходимость обновления этих определений экологических терминов.
В 2002 году в статье, опубликованной в Докладах Академии наук, указанным автором было предложено современное, логически непротиворечивое, достаточно простое определение термина «экосистема»; впервые проведено обновление определения термина «биогеоценоз» (ДАН. 2002. т.383. № 4. C.571-573).
3. При загрязнении водной среды ухудшаются условия обитания водных организмов. Связь между качеством воды и наличием в воде организмов представлялась ранее простой и однозначной, направленной от качества воды к водным организмам: от качества воды зависит наличие в воде живых организмов.
Сергей Андреевич Остроумов впервые выявил более сложный, двусторонний характер причинно-следственных связей между сохранением биоразнообразия водных организмов и качеством воды. А именно, им показано наличие и обратной связи: от наличия в водной экосистеме комплекса водных организмов зависит качество воды (ДАН. 2002. Т.382. № 1. С. 138-141). Это имеет практическое значение для сохранения водных ресурсов, для безопасности источников водоснабжения.
4. Указанным автором обнаружен новый тип действия химических загрязняющих веществ. Выявлен новый вид опасности веществ-загрязнителей водной среды. Этот новый вид экологической опасности – опасность нарушения связей внутри водной экосистемы. А именно, им выявлена опасность нарушения связи между двумя основными составными блоками водной экосистемы. Это связь между той частью экосистемы, которая находится в столбе воды (пелагиаль) и той частью, которая находится на дне водоема ( бенталь). (ДАН. 2002. Т.383. № 1. С.138-141).
5. Ранее был детально разработан вопрос о принципах сохранения наземных экосистем. Вопрос о принципах сохранения водных экосистем ранее был разработан значительно слабее. Этот пробел был восполнен в работе Сергея Андреевича. Указанный автор в статье в Докладах академии наук изложил новую систему принципов создания заказников и заповедников на акваториях (для водных экосистем). Новое и ценное в этой системе принципов то, что четко сформулирована необходимость сохранения фильтрационной функции водных организмов. Для этого необходимо сохранение функционально активных популяций организмов, которые фильтруют воду. Важный, но не единственный пример таких организмов – двустворчатые моллюски. Подробнее об этом Сергей Андреевич написал в статье (ДАН, 2002, т.383, стр.710-713).
Эти результаты вносят новый полезный вклад в развитие наук об окружающей среде и биологию. Полагаю целесообразным посвятить данную конференцию 10-летию со дня опубликования указанных статей, которые помогают делу сохранения окружающей среды и устойчивому рациональному использованию природных ресурсов.
Доктор биологических наук, профессор В.А. Абакумов, заведующий кафедрой Международного университета «Дубна», заведующий лабораторией Института глобального климата и экологии РАН.
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Computer translation of this paper from Russian into English:
Professor Dr. V.A. Abakumov (Dr. Sc.) The scientific value of the series of publications on ecology and hydrobiology published in the journal 'Doklady Akademii Nauk' [DAN] (Proceedings of ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, [published by Russian Academy of Sciences]) in 2002, by Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov, Moscow State University.
The main results of these publications :
1. In his works, the leading researcher of the Moscow State University Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov discovered a new ecological risk of chemical contamination of water bodies and watercourses . Previously, almost all attention was paid to a danger of a loss of populations of aquatic organisms . Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov found another kind of danger. This is the danger of the suppression of the capacity of ecosystems to repair itself , that is to carry out remediation .
He discovered the danger of suppression ( inhibition) in environmental remediation as a result of effects produced by chemical pollutants . Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov proved the existence of a hazard of synthetic surfactants to aquatic ecosystems (DAN 2002 . V.385. No. 4 . p. 571-573).
2 . In ecology, there was a problem of definitions of the terminology, terms 'ecosystem' and 'biogeocoenosis' . Existing definitions of 'ecosystem' are more than 70 years old and could not take into account the latest knowledge in the field of biology. There was an urgent need to update the definitions of environmental terms .
In 2002, in an article published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, this author formulated a modern, logically consistent , fairly simple definition of " ecosystem" , and for the first time , a renewal of the definition of the term "biogeocoenosis" (DAN, 2002 . V.383 . No. 4 . p .571-573 ) .
3 . When water pollution worsen living conditions of aquatic organisms. Previously it was thought that the relationship between water quality and the presence of organisms in the water is simple: the presence of living aquatic organisms in water depends on the water quality.
Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov first revealed a more complex , two-sided nature of the causal links between biodiversity of aquatic organisms and water quality . Namely , he showed the presence of the feedback: the water quality in the aquatic ecosystem depends on the complex of aquatic organisms (DAN 2002 . V.382 . No. 1. p. 138-141 ) . This is of practical importance for the conservation of water resources , for the safety of water supply.
4 . This author discovered a new type of action of chemical pollutants. He identified a new type of hazard from aquatic pollutants . This new kind of environmental hazard - the risk of violations of ties within the aquatic ecosystem. Namely, he revealed the danger of breakdown in communication between the two main building blocks of the aquatic ecosystem . Namely, he discovered the hazard of uncoupling the coupling between the part of an ecosystem that is in the water column (the pelagic part) and the part that is at the bottom of the reservoir ( the benthic part, the benthal ) (DAN 2002 . V.383 . No. 1. P.138 -141) .
5 . Earlier the question was elaborated the principles of conservation of terrestrial ecosystems . Question the principles of conservation of aquatic ecosystems was previously developed much weaker. This gap was filled in the work of Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov . This author in an article in the Proceedings Academy of Sciences presented a new system of principles for establishing reserves and conservation areas in the waters ( aquatic ecosystems ) . New and valuable in this system of principles that clearly stated the need to maintain the filtration function of aquatic organisms . This requires the preservation of functionally active populations of organisms that filter the water . Important but not the only example of such organisms - clams . Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov wrote more about this in an article ( DAN , 2002, V.383 , p.710 -713 ) .
These results bring new and useful contribution to the development of environmental sciences and biology. I think it appropriate to dedicate this conference the 10th anniversary to the date of publication of these items that help to preserve the environment and sustainable management of natural resources .
Professor Dr. V.A. Abakumov (Dr. Sc.) , Head of Department, International University "Dubna" , Head of the laboratory of the Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, RAS.
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The papers mentioned above were translated into English and published, see the bibliography:
Bibliography:
in Russian:
Идентификация нового вида опасности химических веществ: ингибирование процессов экологической ремедиации // ДАН. 2002. т. 385. № 4. C. 571-573,
[hazard to aquatic ecosystems of synthetic surfactants (DAN 2002 . V.385. No. 4 . p. 571-573)]. English translation:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200568342_Identification_of_a_New_Type_of_Ecological_Hazard_of_Chemicals_Inhibition_of_Processes_of_Ecological_Remediation?ev=srch_pub
Новые варианты определений понятий и терминов "экосистема" и "биогеоценоз" // ДАН. 2002. т.383. № 4. C.571-573.
[new definition of " ecosystem" , and for the first time , a renewal of the definition of the term "biogeocoenosis" (DAN, 2002 . V.383 . No. 4 . p .571-573) ].
Остроумов С.А. Сохранение биоразнообразия и качество воды: роль обратных связей в экосистемах. ДАН. 2002. Т.382. № 1. С. 138–141.
Остроумов С.А. Новый тип действия потенциально опасных веществ: разобщители пелагиально-бентального сопряжения. ДАН. 2002. Т.383. № 1. С. 138–141.
Остроумов С.А. Система принципов для сохранения биогеоценотической функции и биоразнообразия фильтраторов // ДАН. 2002. Т. 383. № 5. С.710-713.
In English:
Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of ecological remediation. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002. Vol.385. P. 377-379. Bibliogr. 15 refs. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911150 (ISSN 0012-4966) Abstract: The author discovered and characterized a new type of environmental hazard of chemical pollution of water, which involves inhibition of important processes of ecological remediation of ecosystems (namely, the inhibition of water filtration by aquatic bivalves). The experiments were performed using the bivalve mollusks, oysters Crassostrea gigas, and the cell suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (these cells were used as a convenient model of particles suspended in water). In the experiments, a laundry detergent (exemplified by the detergent Lanza-Automat) inhibited water filtration by the oysters C. gigas. As a result, the removal of the cells (S. cerevisiae) from water decreased. This demonstrated a new type of ecological hazard caused by water pollution with a chemical pollutant (detergent) at sublethal concentrations. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes a pronounced inhibition of the physiological activity of filter-feeders, thereby inhibiting the important ecological process of water filtration. This ecological process contributes significantly to improving water quality, water purification and the related remediation of aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair).
[The innovative results presented in the paper included the following: a new parameter quantified: Effect on elimination efficiency (EEE); a new concept of ecological remediation as ecological repair; new data on the inhibitory effects of the detergent Lanza-Automat 20 mg/L on water filtration by the oysters C.gigas and removal of the cells of S. cerevisiae from water (Tabl. 1); a summary table of the effects of cationic, anionic, non-ionic surfactants, pesticides, potassium bichromate, on marine and freshwater bivalves, larvae of Ephemeroptera, rotifers, and Cladocera – mainly the data of the author, plus some data from literature (Tabl. 2). The author identified "a new type of ecological hazard caused by water pollution. This hazard is associated with the fact that chemical pollution of water causes inhibition of the physiological activity of hydrobionts, thereby inhibiting the ecological processes mediated by the hydrobionts. These processes contribute significantly to water purification and the related remediation of aquatic ecosystems (their ecological repair)" (p. 379)]. [ A technical note on the method: just for experimental convenience, the author of the paper made the suspension of organic matter in water by adding the cells of S. cerevisiae; these cells are not normally present in sea water; however they were used just as a convenient model of organic particles suspended in water. A special experiment demonstrated that the kinetics of their removal from water by marine bivalves was identical to the kinetics of the removal of phytoplankton cells].
DOI 10.1023/A:1019929305267;
http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; PMID: 12469618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; Full text see online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911150;
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200568342_Identification_of_a_New_Type_of_Ecological_Hazard_of_Chemicals_Inhibition_of_Processes_of_Ecological_Remediation?ev=srch_pub
Ostroumov S.A. New definitions of the concepts and terms ecosystem and biogeocenosis. - Doklady Biological Sciences 2002 (March), Volume 383, Numbers 1-6, p. 141-143. www.scribd.com/doc/49065580; 2 tables. Bibliogr. 15 refs. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)] In 1935, the term 'ecosystem' was coined by A. Tansley. In the 1940s, another important term 'biogeocoenosis' was introduced by V. N. Sukachev. Since that time, a significant amount of new facts was accumulated in ecology. It is necessary to revisit the formulation of the basic concepts and terms in ecology, including the two terms mentioned above. The author proposed some new variants of the definition of the two terms that (1) reflect the modern vision of the basics of ecology; and (2) avoid the vicious circle of using other terms that in turn request their definitions. The author realizes that the new variants of the terms cannot be ideal and some other variants of the definitions are also possible. 5 specific features of the proposed definition of ecosystem (Table 1). 8 specific features of the proposed definition of biogeocenosis, and 8 distinctions between the proposed definition and the classical definition by V.N.Sukachev (Table 2)]. https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=997c8c86899d5a6e24531054ad1bcd1e;
www.springerlink.com/index/VPG4YU2V3YD6T97B.pdf;
DOI 10.1023/A:1015393924967; the Russian version of the paper: http://scipeople.ru/publication/66938/; scribd.com/doc/49065580; PMID: 12053565 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE];
Ostroumov S. A. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (January). Volume 382, Numbers 1- 6, p. 18-21. http://www.scribd.com/doc/42558469/ The article presents a new vision of how biodiversity helps towards a better environmental stability and water quality. The author made an innovative analysis of his experimental data and formulated the following fundamental principle: to maintain water quality, it is vital to protect the functionally active biodiversity of water ecosystems. In other words, according to the author’s new concept, the protection of functionally active biodiversity, including filter-feeders, is a key to maintenance of water quality. Among new facts obtained and reported in the paper: a chemical pollutant (exemplified by the synthetic detergent IXI, a sublethal concentration 20 mg/L) inhibited water filtration by the marine bivalve mollusks, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (3-25 min, 18 pro mille, 22.8ºC). Another synthetic detergent Deni-Automat ( a sublethal concentration 30 mg/L) also inhibited the water filtration by the marine bivalves oysters Crassostrea gigas Thunberg (2-40 min, 25.2ºC).]. These new data as well as the other related data obtained by the same author and reported in his other publications, supported the author’s fundamental concept. DOI 10.1023/A:1014465220673. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p89cugy9ddk053g7/;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/42558469/; PMID: 11998748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. ISSN0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; http://sites.google.com/site/2dbs382p18biodivers/; http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9734342;
A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagial–benthal coupling. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383 (1-6): 127-130. Bibliogr. 15. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45913695; ISSN 0012-4966. Discovery of a new type of negative impact of pollutants on the biosphere, as a result of inhibition of water filtration by filter-feeders / suspension feeders. The water filtration and associated removal of suspended matter from water is part of migration of matter. As V.I. Vernadsky stressed, organisms are mediators of “biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere”. This migration is partly implemented in the framework of pelagial–benthal coupling via the activity of filter-feeders, which remove the organic suspended matter from water and excrete pellets. The tables contains the following data: the average percentage of assimilated (16-90%) and non-assimilated (10-84%) food matter for 15 large taxa of invertebrates (Table 1); potassium bichromate inhibited water filtration by mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Table 2); surfactants, detergents, pesticides inhibited filtration by filter-feeders, marine and freshwater bivalves and rotifers (Table 3). A prediction was made: "Further research and experimental studies are expected to provide new evidence that sublethal concentrations of chemical pollutants induce a significant decrease in the filtration capacity of freshwater and marine filter feeders" (p. 129). "The uncoupling process considered above is an anthropogenic violation of two basic laws (empirical rules or biogeochemical principles) of the biosphere functioning: (1) biogenic migration of atoms of chemical elements in the biosphere always tends toward its maximum expression; (2) on the geological time scale, the evolution of species gives rise to the forms of life that are stable in the biosphere, and is so directed that the biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere increases" (p.129).]; DOI10.1023/A:1015385723150; https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=d988acb599e121964c48114374a87e8d;www.springerlink.com/index/28V23JBFADL1Y100.pdf;
System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filter-feeders.- Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383: 147-150. Bibliogr.15 refs. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com. Abstract: As a result of the author’s studies of filter-feeders (DAN, 1998, Vol. 362, P. 574-576; DAN, 2001, Vol. 378, P. 283-285), and the new experiments reported in this paper, it was firmly proved that the filtering activity of populations of filter-feeders in natural habitats might be significantly reduced if the concentrations of some pollutants (exemplified by synthetic detergents and surfactants) reach certain levels. To the author’s opinion, the ecological role of filter-feeders as factors of water purification in ecosystems is so important that the pollutant-induced inhibition of their filtering activity is a hazard to the well-being of the entire ecosystem. The author emphasizes that not only the biodiversity of filter-feeders but also their level of functional (filtration) activity is to be protected. In order to do so, the author suggested establishing a new type of protected areas whose main purpose is to protect functionally active populations of filter-feeders, including bivalve mollusks and other organisms. Those protected areas could be named hydrobiological (some variants: biofiltering, or malacological) reserves (some variants: refuges, sanctuaries, etc.). The author formulated 5 principles of nature conservation requirements in malacological and hydrobiological reserves (Tabl. 3). Among them is principle 2, protection or "conservation of filtration activity of organisms and populations". The paper contains data on how 5 synthetic detergents (1-50 mg/L) inhibited the filtration activity of the bivalve mollusks Unio tumidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas (Tabl. 2); on effects on the efficiency of elimination (EEE) of suspended matter from water that were measured (Tabl. 2); on the number of days (0.3 – 10) needed to filter the volume of aquatic (freshwater and marine) ecosystem by the local bivalve populations (a review of data from literature) (Tabl. 1). "I suggest that the existing system of protected terrestrial and water areas should be supplemented with special sites intended to conserve populations of filter-feeders. In addition to biodiversity conservation, these populations should be conserved because they fulfill a very important biogeocenotic function of water filtration and purification" (p.149). "The system of five principles…is proposed to provide an ecological basis of the environment conservation conditions at these sites (malacological and hydrobiological reserves)" (p.149)]. DOI 10.1023/A:1015398125876; www.springerlink.com/index/1MNVLNAYW36TC92R.pdf; PMID: 12053567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=888352078b275ef40a430eb5b4d7714c;
Опубликовано 5th January 2014 пользователем Dr Green
Ярлыки: anniversary Doklady Akademii Nauk journal publications
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