Archaeologists to probe ‘Armada graveyard’ plot on Irish coast

Archaeologists are to deploy cutting edge technology to discover whether a myth-shrouded plot of land on Northern Ireland’s Causeway Coast contains the remains of hundreds of Spanish sailors who drowned when the Armada floundered following its defeat at the hands of Sir Francis Drake.

Dunluce Castle, Portrush, which is close to the site of an ancient graveyard where
 it is suspected hundreds of Spanish sailors who drowned with the Armada
 are buried [Credit: Western Morning News]

The Armada, which was forced to flee via Ireland as Drake and his Royal Navy fleet took command of the English Channel, encountered some of the worst storms in living memory in Irish waters – as the weather dealt a final blow to a fleet that was already in tatters following the raging sea battles against the British off the Westcountry coast.

According to local legend, an ancient graveyard near Dunluce Castle was used to give a Christian burial to more than 200 sailors whose bodies washed up on the coast when the La Girona warship sank off Ireland in 1588.

Around 24 ships of the huge fleet sent by Spanish king Philip II to invade England were wrecked in the violent storms off Ireland.

The invasion by Spain has been immortalised in the legend that tells how Drake, the British fleet’s second in command who became the hero of the battle, was playing a game of bowls on Plymouth Hoe when he was warned of the Armada’s approach, only to remark that he had plenty of time to finish the game and still beat the Spaniards – a predication that came true due to his seafaring battle skills.

The ruins of St Cuthbert's church near Dunluce Castle, Portrush 
[Credit: Western Morning News]

The greatest loss of life came with the sinking of the La Girona. Of the 1,300 on board, only nine survived.

The 50 gun galley was smashed on rocks off Lacada Point near the landmark Giant’s Causeway and bodies of many of the drowned sailors washed ashore along the coastline.

Archaeologists from Stormont’s Department of the Environment (DoE) are now planning to conduct a geophysical survey of a large unmarked plot in an old graveyard at nearby Dunluce in a bid to establish if it was used as a mass burial site for the Armada victims.

The graveyard surrounds the ruins of St Cuthbert’s – a church dating back to the 13th century.

Andrew Gault is one of the DoE archaeologists working on the project.

“There would have been hundreds of bodies washed up along this coastline and the local tradition is a lot of them were buried in St Cuthbert’s graveyard and there’s a specific area of the graveyard where local tradition would say that took place,” he said.

Archaeologist Andrew Gault at a large unmarked plot in St Cuthbert's graveyard
 near Portrush [Credit: Western Morning News]

“We can see there’s a very conspicuous area within the graveyard where there weren’t any headstones erected and it’s fairly regular and rectangular in shape and it’s quite sunken and hollow. So that’s a bit of smoking gun as to where you would expect if there was a mass grave to be it would be in that type of location.

“So we are hoping to do some further investigation in the future using geophysical survey, which is a non-destructive non-intrusive technique, to see whether there is evidence of actually a big burial cut, a big grave cut in that area. That will help to firm up exactly whether there is a Spanish Armada era grave in that location – so that’s a really interesting part of the site’s story.”

The grave examination is part of a wider DoE project to unearth the lost history of Dunluce.

The once thriving merchant town, sitting in the shadow of the imposing medieval Dunluce Castle, was destroyed by fire in the mid-1640s and lay buried in the earth for more than four centuries before archaeologists began uncovering its secrets.

Some of the streets and homes of Dunluce have already been rediscovered and focus has now shifted to the remnants of St Cuthbert’s parish church.

Jean Clayton from the Portrush Heritage Group beside the gravestone of one of 
her ancestors that she discovered at St Cuthbert's church near Dunluce Castle, 
Portrush [Credit: Western Morning News]

Ahead of the survey of the suspected Armada grave, archaeologists have been trying to find out who else lies buried in the church grounds.

They have been using laser scanners and GPS technology to map all the plots and specialist photographic techniques to decipher headstone inscriptions that are no longer visible to the naked eye.

As part of an outreach initiative, local history groups have been invited along to help in this work. On the most recent day on site, more than 20 enthusiasts joined the archaeological endeavour.

Jean Clayton, from the Portrush Heritage Group, discovered that two of her ancestors are buried in the graveyard.

“There’s tremendous local interest in this site,” she said. "We are inundated by those wanting to come on these days. They are very informative – it really allows you into the world of being an archaeologist.”

Author: David Wells | Source: Western Morning News [September 01, 2015]