(en) Turkey, DAF - Meydan #27 - "Gene Ethics" - Belen
Yildirim (tr) [machine translation]
After speculation lasting a long time, Junjie Huang (Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou)
and laboratory colleagues, they made changes in the DNA of the human embryo, thus able to
treat congenital diseases purpose, they publish the results of the tests they carry. For
years, it gave birth to the promised and ethical debates studies in genetics studies
revived discussion of the human embryo is a huge taboo. ---- Groundbreaking technology:
CRISPR-Cas9 ---- Huang's team discovered in 2013 and used the method in which said
CRISPR-Cas9 breakthrough in genetic engineering. The CRISPR technology, embryos or adults
to repair a damaged gene in live or dropping off the faulty gene may be possible to treat
potential or existing disease. In the studies conducted to test method so far, bacteria,
plants, many species such as mice and monkeys were used. The method applied in human stem
cells has been a hope against the bone cancer treatment.
The CRISP; bacteria, bacteriophage (phage bacteria), a group called a part of the
mechanism which was developed to protect against the virus is the name given to repetitive
DNA sequences. Bacteria called Cas9 a protein that binds to an RNA sequence fits into the
genome of the virus and to neutralize the virus DNA formed by cutting the composite
structure. Therefore CRISPR target RNA compared to DNA locked gene modification techniques
developed in recent years because it replaces the much easier, becoming a cheap method.
Possibilities of CRISPR-Cas9 expression technology can be almost infinity. But this
eternity, the method does not mean that give accurate results. So far, even in a survey of
cell vibrant culture, both on the genes involved in this process, as it has also been
observed that may cause mutations in other genes unrelated. This means that the gene
faults equally infinite variety of life can cause disorder.
Deva diseases: CRISPR-Cas9
Huang's team has used 86 human embryos in the study. These embryos obtained from IVF
clinics and not being able to display a normal developmental process, they triplonükle the
zygote. Following the intervention of the embryo, the embryo 54 could be analyzed within
48 hours 71 x 8 cell embryos showing vitality. These genes could be changed only in 28.
Among these four gene repair any errors in the embryo stage, not given gene 7 embryos in
DNA is broken due to the copying of another gene. It was also observed that errors in
unrelated genes. When the analysis of all genes is expected to complete the emergence of
other errors.
Huang's team work Dawn, Parkinson's disease and the Mediterranean had made on predictable
embryonic stage as anemia. Methods of how it is currently unclear how the error was and
even though the share will be developed in the future, this type of work and discussions
of the nature of the messenger will no longer be encountered continuously. Joel Garreau
from the University of Arizona in 2012 in the projects supported by the US defense
ministry said it was pursuing metabolism to create stronger and more resistant to changing
the genetic troops. Enough that once people get used to the open front; That's when the
dream of capitalism, super workers or the millions of dollars that will be used to create
super soldiers in the dream state, you will meet new companies recognize greed and
competition. Patient non-diverse workers metabolism, physically tough people dream to sell
the state should not be so difficult.
Sensitivity Ethics in Science
During the First World War and the subsequent process, such as Germany, Japan, Russia,
like the United States, preparations for the next war in the name of medicine, had signed
to work full horror of genetics and biology. Nazi Germany's governing genetic studies of
Josef Mengele, the collection to inject chemicals into the eyes of twins in the camp, such
gruesome experiments to paste together the bodies had done surgery without anesthesia.
Mengele, it's because of his work at the time, today it is known names among the founders
of modern genetics. Massacres committed in time of war on the people today, is done on
animals. For example, Wolfgang Enard from the Ludwig-Maximilians University; He has
observed that the mice learn faster when adding in the human gene FOXP2 gene Michael
Corballis.
Especially after the second world war, their colleagues and horrified the boundaries of
science they can do science under the leadership of the people 'ethical' had to be
determined. The inventor of this terrible experiment in the history of genetics or get
restraining the racist scientists like James Watson discovered the DNA he is not known, it
has become one of the main elements of centralization human ethics. So those who want to
stop smoking and ethical grounds to publish the works of Huang in the same ethics, to
carry out experiments on animals can find reasonable and acceptable.
Capitalism Money Sensitivity
By this time the scientists, they are employees of the company, referring to the human
gene can be used in the process, the work of Huang and his team, was vain promises of
millions of dollars. Moreover, all this research, the protection of the state that is
installed on war investment and support is being executed ... criticism and ethics of
capitalism's intervention, like the estimated work could lead to future dire consequences
of Huang and his team thoroughly blurred.
Belen Yildirim
beleny@meydangazetesi.org
http://meydangazetesi.org/gundem/2015/06/gen-etik-belen-yildirim/
