12.03.2015. BIOFILTERING AND THE SELF-PURIFICATION OF WATER BY AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND ITS IMPAIRMENT UNDER EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC STRESS: IMPORTANCE TO ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS AND ECOLOGICAL MONITORING. -CONGRESS "WATER: ECOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY ' ECWATECH. Ostroumov S.A., Donkin P., Staff F., Russia, U.K.
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2015/03/12032015-biofiltering-and-self.html
http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/71-ECWATECH98-14819.pdf
Scanned PDF[40.0 MB] - IRC
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2015/03/12032015-biofiltering-and-self.html
http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/71-ECWATECH98-14819.pdf
Scanned PDF[40.0 MB] - IRC
www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/71-ECWATECH98-14819.pdf
Published in:
THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS "WATER: ECOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY ' ECWATECH-98, ABSTRACTS, MOSCOW, MAY, 26 - 30,1998.
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1802.5768.
BIOFILTERING AND THE SELF-PURIFICATION OF WATER BY AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND ITS IMPAIRMENT UNDER EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC STRESS: IMPORTANCE TO ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS AND ECOLOGICAL MONITORING.
Ostroumov S.A. (Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia)
Donkin P., Staff F. (Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273449148_BIOFILTERING_AND_THE_SELF-PURIFICATION_OF_WATER_BY_AQUATIC_ECOSYSTEMS_AND_ITS_IMPAIRMENT_UNDER_EFFECT_OF_ANTHROPOGENIC_STRESS_IMPORTANCE_TO_ECOLOGICAL_EVALUATION_OF_INDUSTRIAL_PROJECTS_AND_ECOLOGICAL_MONITORING;
Planktonic and benthic organisms which use filtering as a way of feeding contribute significantly to the biofiltering and purification of the sea and bodies of fresh water. Accordingly to some estimates, aquatic organism are able to filter daily 5% to 90% of the total volume of body of water (Gutelmaher, 1986). The biofiltering rate in our experiments with bivalve molluscs (mussels Mytilus edulis) was over one L/h per one mollusc of about 8 g (wet weight). As a result of this biofiltration some effects on various parameters of the aquatic ecosystems may take place, which is of importance for purification of the water (A.Yablokov, S.Ostroumov, Consevation of Living Nature and Resources. 1991, Springer-Verlag). The processes and parameters of aquatic ecosystems that are directly or indirectly controlled or regulated by the effect of water biofiltering by bivalves include the following: (1) Maintaning the transparency of the water and removing particulate materials; (2) Removing the cells of bacteria and algae from the water; (3) The amount of dissolved organic matter that undergoes oxidation and determines such aquatic parmeters as biological oxygen demand (BOD); (4) Circulation of water at the bottom layer of the aquatic system; (5) Sedimentation of particulate material; (6) Affecting the species abundancies in the ecosystems; (7) Biosedimentation of particles of organic matter from the water column at the bottom and in the process, the maintenance of a certain rate of carbon flux between the atmosphere (via assimilation by photosynthesis) and the water column towards the bottom sediments, thereby decreasing the level of carbon in the atmosphere. Various organic and inorganic pollutants can inhibit the filtration rate by bivalves (P.Donkin, In Handbook of Ecotoxicology. Vol.2. 1994, pp 321-347; Donkin et al., 1989; 1991). It has been shown in our experiments with mussels that the pollution of the water with anionic and non-ionogenic synthetic surfactants caused destabilization and decrease in water biofiltering. At the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate 2 mg/L the filtering rate was 55% of the control, at 4 mg/L it was 23% of the control, at 5 mg/L it was only 4% of the control (all the numbers refer to the first 30-min period of time after the start of the experiment). Using another surfactant, Triton X-100, we got analogous results. Triton X- 100 represents a broadly used class of oxyethylated alkylphenols. Since synthetic surfactants are in common use in various branches of industry, mining, energy production and municipal household and are present in the waste waters at concentrations of up to 10 g/L, they may enter aquatic systems with sewage and waste water and as a result, synthetic surfactants may affect the well-being of organisms of aquatic ecosystems (S.A.Ostroumov, Introduction to Biochemical Ecology, Moscow University Press, 1986; Ostroumov, 1990, 1991). The decrease in biofiltering by aquatic organisms including bivalves, may impair the natural functioning of ecosystems and the natural purification of the water. Eventually it may accelerate such processes as eutrophication and the decrease in the quality of water, and the water system may loose traits important to water users. In 1995, some new federal laws were put into effect in Russia, including the law on the ecological evaluation of the environmental impact of new projects on economic development, the Water Code of Russian Federation, the law on the conservation of the animal world. Also, the Presidental Decree On The Concept Of Transition Of Russia To Sustainable Development was issued (N 440, 1.04.1996). Our new data and analysis are contributing to the proper implementation of those documents. Therefore, the abovementioned aspects of effects of the chemical pollution on aquatic ecosystems, including effects on bivalves and other biofilters, must be given most serious attention in the process of the ecological evaluation of the projects on economic and industrial development. The well-being of organisms- biofilters should be included into the system of the ecological monitoring of aquatic systems. (Part of this research was sponsored by The European Environmental Research Organization and The International Biospherics Group). Page 72.
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On the conference:
ORGANIZERS: • Russian Federal Ministry of Natural Resources • Russian Federal State Committee for Housing and Construction • Russian Federal State Committee for Environment Protection • Russian Academy of Sciences • Russian Association of Water Supply and Water Disposal • Mosvodokanal Municipal Enterprise •Vodokanal St. Petersburg State Enterprise • "Berliner-Wasser Betrieber" Municipal Enterprise • "SIBICO International" JSC SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS: • International Water Services Association (IWSA) • International Ozone Association (ЮА) • International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) MAIN SPONSOR: • "Berliner-Wasser Betriebe" Municipal Enterprise ECWATECH-98 SPONSORS (FOR APRIL 6, 1998): • Russian Federal Ecological Fund •TACIS Program of European Union • Mosvodokanal Municipal Enterprise •Vodokanal St.Petersburg State Enterprise • Geosoft-Eastlink JSC • EMU Unterwasserpumpen GmbH • Dow Chemical Co. • Gidromashservice JSC • Raesk-Aqua Ltd. • Eikos Ltd. • Ecopolimer Ltd. • "Rossa" Union • Sarlin Pumps OZONE CONFERENCE SPONSORS: • OZONIALtd. • RWB Consulting Engineers • TRAI LIGAS •WEDECO GmbH • Stock-holding Company "Kurgankhimmash" •The Khrunichev State Missile Centre Special thanks for technical support for THE SECRETARIAT to: •Aqua Inc. Ltd. •Amaranta Stock Company •Artemida RKF •Art-Flora JSC • Betar Company • The Coca-Cola Export Corporation • Prodexpo Distillery • Stock Company Smistar-Holding •Tochmash Production Association • "Chistaya Voda" Stock Company Berliner Wasser Betriebe
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ORGANIZERS:
• Russian Federal Ministry of Natural Resources
• Russian Federal State Committee for Housing and Construction
• Russian Federal State Committee for Environment Protection
• Russian Academy of Sciences
• Russian Association of Water Supply and Water Disposal
• Mosvodokanal Municipal Enterprise
•Vodokanal St. Petersburg State Enterprise
• "Berliner-Wasser Betrieber" Municipal Enterprise
• "SIBICO International" JSC
SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS:
• International Water Services Association (IWSA)
• International Ozone Association (ЮА)
• International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ)
MAIN SPONSOR:
• "Berliner-Wasser Betriebe" Municipal Enterprise
ECWATECH-98 SPONSORS (FOR APRIL 6, 1998):
• Russian Federal Ecological Fund
•TACIS Program of European Union
• Mosvodokanal Municipal Enterprise
•Vodokanal St.Petersburg State Enterprise
• Geosoft-Eastlink JSC
• EMU Unterwasserpumpen GmbH
• Dow Chemical Co.
• Gidromashservice JSC
• Raesk-Aqua Ltd.
• Eikos Ltd.
• Ecopolimer Ltd.
• "Rossa" Union
• Sarlin Pumps
OZONE CONFERENCE SPONSORS:
• OZONIALtd.
• RWB Consulting Engineers
• TRAI LIGAS
•WEDECO GmbH
• Stock-holding Company "Kurgankhimmash"
•The Khrunichev State Missile Centre
Special thanks for technical support for THE SECRETARIAT to:
•Aqua Inc. Ltd.
•Amaranta Stock Company
•Artemida RKF
•Art-Flora JSC
• Betar Company
• The Coca-Cola Export Corporation
• Prodexpo Distillery
• Stock Company Smistar-Holding
•Tochmash Production Association
• "Chistaya Voda" Stock Company
Berliner Wasser Betriebe
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