S.A. Ostroumov. Ecology and biogeochemistry of detoxification of hazardous substances in the biosphere: a new concept of ‘ex-living matter’ (ELM). - Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. 2013. Vol.18, p. 67-68.
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/10/ecology-and-biogeochemistry-of.html
Full text online free:
http://istina.msu.ru/publications/article/3338357/ ;
Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; ar55[at]yandex.ru
Biogeochemistry of components of the biosphere and ecosystems was a subject of many publications (1-4).
In order to understand the natural processes of detoxification of toxic elements and substances, it is worthwhile to consider the main challenges to the current conceptualization of the types of matter in the biosphere. To meet and respond to the challenges, the author suggested a new conceptualization which is based on his suggestion to identify a third type of matter in the biosphere and environment. The author [S.A. Ostroumov] gave the third type of matter the name ‘ex-living matter’ (ELM).
The author analyzed the relevant literature and his experiments (carried out together with his co-authors). This analysis as well as other data available in literature provided a solid factual foundation to this conceptualization. The main functions of ELM in the biosphere were also formulated and considered by the author.
According to the author’s opinion, these functions include binding and immobilization of toxic chemical elements from the environment. After the immobilization they become less mobile and less active as a potential toxic hazard to living organisms. By providing sites for binding and immobilization, ELM contributes to detoxification of the chemical elements and possibly other chemical components in the biosphere and environment.
A more detailed presentation of the new concepts formulated by the author was published in a number of papers. Some alternatives and variants in verbal expression to be used as a name for the new type of matter were also included in those publications (4-9).
KEY WORDS: toxic substances, detoxification of toxic wastes, biosphere, environment, ecology, living matter, types of matter, ex-living matter, heavy metals, environmental toxicology
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1. Vernadsky V.I. Problems of biogeochemistry. The fundamental matter-energy difference between the living and inert natural bodies of the biosphere // Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 1944. 35: 483-517.
2. Ermakov V.V. Technogenesis and biogeochemical evolution of the biospheric taxons. - М: Наука. - 2003. - 351 p.
3. Ostroumov S. A., Kolesov G. M. The role of biodetritus in accumulation of elements in aquatic ecosystems. // Contemporary Problems of Ecology. 2010. Vol.3 (4). P. 369-373. Full text online see: http://ru.scribd.com/doc/114001532; http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/40349852
4. Ostroumov S.A. Role of organisms in the regulation of migration of chemical elements and transfer of matter in ecosystems [ Rol' organizmov v reguljacii migracii himicheskih elementov i peremeshhenij veshhestva v ekosistemah] // Ekologija promyshlennogo proizvodstva. 2010. No. 3. P. 26-31.
5. Ostroumov S.A. New typology of matter and the role of ex-living matter (ELM) [Novaja tipologija veshhestva i rol' ex-living matter (ELM) v biosphere] // Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. 2010. Vol.16. P. 62-65.
6. Ostroumov S.A. Some issues of chemico-biotic interactions and new contribution to the science of the biosphere [Nekotorye voprosy himiko-bioticheskih vzaimodejstvij i novoe v uchenii o biosphere] // Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. Vol. 17. M.: MAKS Press, 2011. 20 p.
7. Ostroumov S.A. Fundamental issues of ecology of detoxification of toxic elements in the biosphere and improvement of ecological monitoring [Fundamental'nye voprosy ekologii obezvrezhivanija toksichnyh elementov v biosfere i uluchshenija ekologicheskogo monitoring] // Ekologija i promyshlennost' Rossii. 2011. No. 11 (Nojabr'), p.24-27.
8. Ostroumov S.A. Detoxification of toxic elements in the biosphere and improvement of ecological monitoring [Obezvrezhivanie toksichnyh elementov v biosfere i sovershenstvovanie ekologicheskogo monitoring] // Ekologija promyshlennogo proizvodstva. 2012. No. 1. P. 26-33.
9. Ostroumov S.A. Living matter and the role of detritus in biogenic migration of microelements [Живое вещество и роль детрита в биогенной миграции микроэлементов] Chapter 3. In the book: Innovative Aspects of Biogeochemistry. Moscow, GEOKHI. 2012. p.103-133.
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/10/ecology-and-biogeochemistry-of.html
Full text online free:
http://istina.msu.ru/publications/article/3338357/ ;
Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; ar55[at]yandex.ru
Biogeochemistry of components of the biosphere and ecosystems was a subject of many publications (1-4).
In order to understand the natural processes of detoxification of toxic elements and substances, it is worthwhile to consider the main challenges to the current conceptualization of the types of matter in the biosphere. To meet and respond to the challenges, the author suggested a new conceptualization which is based on his suggestion to identify a third type of matter in the biosphere and environment. The author [S.A. Ostroumov] gave the third type of matter the name ‘ex-living matter’ (ELM).
The author analyzed the relevant literature and his experiments (carried out together with his co-authors). This analysis as well as other data available in literature provided a solid factual foundation to this conceptualization. The main functions of ELM in the biosphere were also formulated and considered by the author.
According to the author’s opinion, these functions include binding and immobilization of toxic chemical elements from the environment. After the immobilization they become less mobile and less active as a potential toxic hazard to living organisms. By providing sites for binding and immobilization, ELM contributes to detoxification of the chemical elements and possibly other chemical components in the biosphere and environment.
A more detailed presentation of the new concepts formulated by the author was published in a number of papers. Some alternatives and variants in verbal expression to be used as a name for the new type of matter were also included in those publications (4-9).
KEY WORDS: toxic substances, detoxification of toxic wastes, biosphere, environment, ecology, living matter, types of matter, ex-living matter, heavy metals, environmental toxicology
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1. Vernadsky V.I. Problems of biogeochemistry. The fundamental matter-energy difference between the living and inert natural bodies of the biosphere // Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 1944. 35: 483-517.
2. Ermakov V.V. Technogenesis and biogeochemical evolution of the biospheric taxons. - М: Наука. - 2003. - 351 p.
3. Ostroumov S. A., Kolesov G. M. The role of biodetritus in accumulation of elements in aquatic ecosystems. // Contemporary Problems of Ecology. 2010. Vol.3 (4). P. 369-373. Full text online see: http://ru.scribd.com/doc/114001532; http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/40349852
4. Ostroumov S.A. Role of organisms in the regulation of migration of chemical elements and transfer of matter in ecosystems [ Rol' organizmov v reguljacii migracii himicheskih elementov i peremeshhenij veshhestva v ekosistemah] // Ekologija promyshlennogo proizvodstva. 2010. No. 3. P. 26-31.
5. Ostroumov S.A. New typology of matter and the role of ex-living matter (ELM) [Novaja tipologija veshhestva i rol' ex-living matter (ELM) v biosphere] // Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. 2010. Vol.16. P. 62-65.
6. Ostroumov S.A. Some issues of chemico-biotic interactions and new contribution to the science of the biosphere [Nekotorye voprosy himiko-bioticheskih vzaimodejstvij i novoe v uchenii o biosphere] // Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. Vol. 17. M.: MAKS Press, 2011. 20 p.
7. Ostroumov S.A. Fundamental issues of ecology of detoxification of toxic elements in the biosphere and improvement of ecological monitoring [Fundamental'nye voprosy ekologii obezvrezhivanija toksichnyh elementov v biosfere i uluchshenija ekologicheskogo monitoring] // Ekologija i promyshlennost' Rossii. 2011. No. 11 (Nojabr'), p.24-27.
8. Ostroumov S.A. Detoxification of toxic elements in the biosphere and improvement of ecological monitoring [Obezvrezhivanie toksichnyh elementov v biosfere i sovershenstvovanie ekologicheskogo monitoring] // Ekologija promyshlennogo proizvodstva. 2012. No. 1. P. 26-33.
9. Ostroumov S.A. Living matter and the role of detritus in biogenic migration of microelements [Живое вещество и роль детрита в биогенной миграции микроэлементов] Chapter 3. In the book: Innovative Aspects of Biogeochemistry. Moscow, GEOKHI. 2012. p.103-133.