(en) Brazil, N?cleo Anarquista Resist?ncia Cabana NARC - Puxirum #1 - NEW CHALLENGES AND OLD PROBLEMS THE LAND QUESTION IN LATIN AMERICA (pt)

Next in the emancipation of peoples the field and build popular power ---- >From the 1990s, 
we observe the ( re) construction of several peasant territories in Latin America. Fruit 
of struggle and organization of workers and workers in the field, these areas pose a 
number of challenges to its consolidation. Not only by the controversy that this guy 
ohomemdocampo presents historically ( for its resistance along the struggles in our 
continent and its place in social transformation ), as well as the challenges facing 
towards emancipation and autonomy of these territories from the State and capital. Among 
these challenges, we will work in this report, three of them : the demographic component 
in the agrarian reform, the issue of mining and political mediation in the agrarian sphere.

Depending on the time, space and territory of each peasant struggle, land intervention 
(land distribution ) can result from strategies of population mobility, organized by the 
peasants sometimes moving, sometimes by the need to accumulate capital, also moving. We 
refer here to the movements of mobility, immobility and counter- mobility. Mobility 
organized by peasant movements, in certain circumstances, can become a nuisance to the 
regime capital accumulation. Occupations, marches and construction of rural settlements 
are examples of such mobility. The response of the government, pressured by the subjects, 
both peasants and capital, is to make the land intervention, institutionalize and 
regularize the settlements historical disputes ( such as indigenous reserves and 
extractive reserves ). In the case of settlement projects, a first observation, we would 
spend a situation of mobility to immobility of the workforce. So do you get the 
demographic component. The settlements are made to give an immediate response to pressure 
from the peasant movement for land. The lots are distributed below the possibility of 
reproducing the family unit. The composition of households in the field is large ( an 
average of five children per unit). The agricultural plots are generally five hectares. 
The balance of this equation becomes unsustainable. The settlements are made, therefore, 
to respond to a generation of people. But the long-term perspective on the concern for 
other generations of the family, is forgotten. The result of this process is the offset ( 
forced migration ) of children to other fronts of struggle for land and opening up new 
frontiers for capital mobility.

Other components present in
agrarian question in the Amazon is
mining. peasant lands
located in the areas of impact of
large mining projects and
around the cities that serve as
base of logistical support to this type of
extraction, suffer from degradation
socio- environmental. This is the case of
peasants in the surroundings of the Sierra de
Caraj?s. The main city of this region is
Paraupebas. His intense dynamics
growth ( on average 50 families
arrive per week in the city ) requires
significant amounts of sand and
Pebble to feed the growth of
urban fabric of the city. the territories
farmers are therefore the target
preferential regional trade
building materials. As the bed
Rivers is the space to withdraw their
material, the river and its biodiversity are
the main achieved. Not to mention the
dependency and process
specialization placed for
peasant women and men for that
type of activity.

From a perspective of
deepening dependence
caused by the welfare
State in agriculture, it is possible
realize one way more
perverse and subtle dependence
capitalist system in agriculture : are the
linkages with farmers in different
levels, as government offices or
in private companies, private equity
"hands of politicians " and families
owners of large companies, and
landowners monopolies. an idea
Basic is sold : " You can not
produce without the help of the State ". How
this process happens ? telling
farmers is only possible
produce if they consume the inputs
these companies sell, if they have
right kind of technical assistance (say
Academicist technical assistance
subduing of knowledge
traditional ), if they have the " assurance
rights " (say transfers
government ) that they are " data"
as is the case for the
government such as school bag,
family allowance, green bag, safe fishing
maternity pay, retirement, etc..
The speech is the rule : to
"construction" requires that the
worker receives from the State a
" Help." In this process, the peasant
just convinced that he is
"delayed ", synonymous with old. that
subordination of the state to make
Peasant agriculture is legitimized by
union partisan ties, blind to
its nodes. Trade unions in
rural area have not realized, or not
want to understand, that the agenda of the struggle
and hierarchical party - for more credit
more scholarships, more technical assistance,
more "development" - are the result of
subjugation and welfare of
government and, for that matter, the
neocolonialism state. Tell a
farmer that he can only produce with
government assistance, is to despise
centuries of traditional knowledge,
in favor of consumption of inputs
chemical and academic knowledge
so-called " advanced". Not yet
realized that emancipation, the project
the deeper political
farmers and social organizations
rural Amazon, considering the
history and the peculiar geographical structure,
may seek, is the autonomy of their
knowledge, its production, and
dignity of living in the countryside, which is
called by the indigenous peoples of
Latin America of " Buen Vivir ".

This autonomy is completely
real and possible because it is the root of the relationship
man and nature, and because the revolution
industry, the green revolution, and other
said " revolutions in agriculture
Modern ", have shown that they are not, and
were ever sustainable for
rural societies. but following
selling their " precepts " of " improving
and development ", through consumption
external inputs, seed
biotech, and chemical dependency
industrialist and production.
Old traditional communities
in Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Guatemala,
the Zapatistas, indigenous groups in
Brazil, groups of runaway slave, they all
know this and are showing that is,
indeed possible to produce food
healthy without the use of pesticides,
using the same richness and diversity
nature. With so much diversity in
Amazon geography, because using
chemicals ? In Mexico, the Zapatistas
are showing the world that is
possible to live without the welfare of
government. The CIDESA, support center and
teaching of Zapatista communities,
produces its own energy, and food,
empowers young children of farmers,
teaches music, and makes collective discussions
with the external community, working
in collective systems that deepen
social relations of solidarity and
respect for diversity and appreciation of
culture. It's time to wake up,
Amazon!