Paper published, titled: Decreasing the Measurable Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Water of the Experimental Systems Containing Ceratophyllum demersum: The Phytoremediation Potential.
http://5bio5.blogspot.ru/2014/04/paper-published-titled-decreasing.html
DOI:10.1134/S0012496609050159
ABSTRACT.
S. A. Ostroumov and T. V. Shestakova. Decreasing the Measurable Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Water of the Experimental Systems Containing Ceratophyllum demersum: The Phytoremediation Potential.- Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009, Vol. 428, pp. 444–447.
ISSN 0012-4966,
(Affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia)
Presented by Academician G.V. Dobrovol’skii, February 2, 2009; Received February 2, 2009; DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609050159
© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009. Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, T.V. Shestakova, 2009, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 428, No. 2, pp. 282–285.
ISSN 0012-4966,
(Affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia)
Presented by Academician G.V. Dobrovol’skii, February 2, 2009; Received February 2, 2009; DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609050159
© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009. Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, T.V. Shestakova, 2009, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 428, No. 2, pp. 282–285.
Abstract: Changes in the concentrations of the four heavy metals in the water of experimental systems were studied. Using the method of inversion voltamperometry, the concentrations of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb were measured in the water of the experimental microcosms. Aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum were incubated in the microcosms. The measured concentrations of all four heavy metals decreased in the microcosms with the macrophytes much faster than in the control microcosms without any aquatic plants. The new results complement the previous data on the phytoremediation potential of aquatic plants. The new facts proved that Ceratophyllum demersum is a potent tool to clean water and to remove heavy metals. This is the first time the phytoremediation potential (for the mixture of metals) of this wide-spread species was discovered. The plant removed the toxic metals cadmium, lead, copper, zinc (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) from water with great efficiency. As a result, water quality improved dramatically with a prospect of new technology.
KEYWORDS: concentrations, heavy metals, water quality, experimental systems, inversion voltamperometry, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, microcosms, aquatic macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum, aquatic plants, phytoremediation, phytotechnology.
The beginning of this paper:
Development of V.I. Vernadsky’s theory of the biosphere has revealed new examples of how organisms affect the physical and chemical parameters of the environment [1, 2], including the characteristics of the aquatic environment [3, 4]. Natural aquatic ecosystems have complex self-purification mechanisms, in which the biota, including macrophytes, plays an important role [5–11]. Macrophytes are being studied in order to develop ecological technologies for purifying environmental components [12, 14]. Our previous studies dealt with the role of macrophytes as potential components of systems for purification of the aquatic environment polluted with perchlorate [14] and the synthetic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate [12, 13]. It was interesting to study systems containing other pollutants, heavy metals ranking high among them. Many heavy metals have various deleterious effects on organisms, including membranotropic effects. The purpose of this study was to collect data on the changes in the concentrations of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the aquatic medium of macrocosms containing the macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum. Tap water settled for a week was used to prepare aquatic medium containing metals. State reference standards (SRSs) with a mass concentration of 1 mg/cm3 at a temperature of 20°C were used as the original aqueous solutions of metal ions. We used the following SRSs: Zn SRS 7770–2000 in 1 M hydrochloric acid, Pb SRS 7778–2000 in 1 M nitric acid, Cd SRS 7773–2000 in 1 M nitric acid, and Cu SRS 7764– 2000 in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. By using successive dilutions and definite aliquots, we obtained a solution 1 l of which contained 2 mg of each Zn and Cu, 0.1 mg of Pb, and 0.02 mg of Cd. The concentrations of all these elements exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) for domestic/potable and public water consumption. Fe (0.1 mg/l) was added as a component of mineral nutrition of plants. For this purpose, we used the SRS of 1 mg/cm3 Fe in 1 M HCl. The macrocomponent (anion) content was the following: 73 mg/l chloride ion, 96 mg/l sulfate ion, and 12 mg/l nitrate ion; this corresponded to the allowable levels. The pH of the resultant solution of salts of the metals studied was 6.0. The pH increased in the course of incubation of macrophytes in the solution. The macrophytes C. demersum were collected in a fresh water body (pond) in the Moskva River floodplain (Odintsovo raion, Moscow oblast). This area is characterized by fairly good environmental conditions, the water being free of industrial sewage. The collected macrophytes were placed into laboratory microcosms and washed with settled tap water several times to remove contaminating suspensions and decrease the possible surface pollution. Shoots of C. demersum were put into microcosms containing salts of the metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). Table 1 shows the initial biomass of the macrophytes. Each microcosm contained 500 ml of the solution. Microcosms containing the same solution but no macrophytes and microcosms containing macrophytes in water without additional metals served as control groups. Incubation was carried out under the conditions of the natural photoperiod and temperature. After three
Table 1. Biomass of the macrophytes C. demersum in experimental microcosms Variant no. Numerical mark of the microcosm in a specific experiment Presence of macrophytes Wet biomass of macrophytes, g 1 2 3 4 15 16 17 18 + + – – 12.7 17.8 – –
days of incubation, the pH was 7.3 in all experimental variants and in control microcosms (salt solution without macrophytes). Samples of water for chemical analysis were taken from the incubation microcosms. The mass concentrations of metal ions in the solution were measured by inversion voltamperometry.
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ISSN 0012?4966, Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009, Vol. 428, pp. 444–447. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009. Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, T.V. Shestakova, 2009, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2009, Vol. 428, No. 2, pp. 282–285. 444 Development of V.I. Vernadsky’s theory of the bio? sphere has revealed new examples of how organisms affect the physical and chemical parameters of the environment [1, 2], including the characteristics of the aquatic environment [3, 4]. Natural aquatic ecosys? tems have complex self?purification mechanisms, in which the biota, including macrophytes, plays an important role [5–11]. Macrophytes are being studied in order to develop ecological technologies for purify? ing environmental components [12, 14]. Our previous studies dealt with the role of macrophytes as potential components of systems for purification of the aquatic environment polluted with perchlorate [14] and the synthetic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate [12, 13]. It was interesting to study systems containing other pol? lutants, heavy metals ranking high among them. Many heavy metals have various deleterious effects on organisms, including membranotropic effects. The purpose of this study was to collect data on the changes in the concentrations of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the aquatic medium of macrocosms con? taining the macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum. Tap water settled for a week was used to prepare aquatic medium containing metals. State reference standards (SRSs) with a mass concentration of 1 mg/cm3 at a temperature of 20°C were used as the original aqueous solutions of metal ions. We used the following SRSs: Zn SRS 7770–2000 in 1 M hydro? chloric acid, Pb SRS 7778–2000 in 1 M nitric acid, Cd SRS 7773–2000 in 1 M nitric acid, and Cu SRS 7764– 2000 in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. By using successive dilu? tions and definite aliquots, we obtained a solution 1 l of which contained 2 mg of each Zn and Cu, 0.1 mg of Pb, and 0.02 mg of Cd. The concentrations of all these elements exceeded the maximum allowable concen? trations (MACs) for domestic/potable and public water consumption. Fe (0.1 mg/l) was added as a com? ponent of mineral nutrition of plants. For this pur? pose, we used the SRS of 1 mg/cm3 Fe in 1 M HCl. The macrocomponent (anion) content was the fol? lowing: 73 mg/l chloride ion, 96 mg/l sulfate ion, and 12 mg/l nitrate ion; this corresponded to the allowable levels. The pH of the resultant solution of salts of the metals studied was 6.0. The pH increased in the course of incubation of macrophytes in the solution. The macrophytes C. demersum were collected in a fresh water body (pond) in the Moskva River flood? plain (Odintsovo raion, Moscow oblast). This area is characterized by fairly good environmental condi? tions, the water being free of industrial sewage. The collected macrophytes were placed into laboratory microcosms and washed with settled tap water several times to remove contaminating suspensions and decrease the possible surface pollution. Shoots of C. demersum were put into microcosms containing salts of the metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). Table 1 shows the initial biomass of the macrophytes. Each microcosm contained 500 ml of the solution. Microcosms containing the same solution but no macrophytes and microcosms containing macro? phytes in water without additional metals served as control groups. Incubation was carried out under the conditions of the natural photoperiod and temperature. After three
[GENERAL BIOLOGY Decreasing the Measurable Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Water of the Experimental Systems Containing Ceratophyllum demersum: The Phytoremediation Potential S. A. Ostroumov and T. V. Shestakova Presented by Academician G.V. Dobrovol’skii February 2, 2009 Received February 2, 2009 DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609050159]
Table 1. Biomass of the macrophytes C. demersum in exper? imental microcosms Variant no. Numerical mark of the micro? cosm in a specif? ic experiment Presence of macrophytes Wet biomass of macro? phytes, g 1 2 3 4 15 16 17 18 + + – – 12.7 17.8 – – Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia
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DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol. 428 2009 DECREASING THE MEASURABLE CONCENTRATIONS 445 days of incubation, the pH was 7.3 in all experimental variants and in control microcosms (salt solution without macrophytes). Samples of water for chemical analysis were taken from the incubation microcosms. The mass concentrations of metal ions in the solution were measured by inversion voltamperometry.
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DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol. 428 2009 DECREASING THE MEASURABLE CONCENTRATIONS 445 days of incubation, the pH was 7.3 in all experimental variants and in control microcosms (salt solution without macrophytes). Samples of water for chemical analysis were taken from the incubation microcosms. The mass concentrations of metal ions in the solution were measured by inversion voltamperometry.
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Many other relevant, related publications - references, links, comments - see here:
article: Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. No. 2, p. 30-36.
This paper reviews the multi-year research of aquatic organisms: the organisms which are filter-feeders. The research was done by Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov in U.K., Russia, Ukraine, Moldova. New facts on the substancial role of the filter-feeders in improving water quality. New aspects of environmental hazards from chemical pollution, especially by surfactants and detergents.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261554265_Biological_filters_are_an_important_part_of_the_biosphere?ev=prf_pub
http://5bio5.blogspot.ru/2014/04/biological-filters-are-important-part.html
