Enviro.sci. paper: The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects:
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/04/envirosci-paper-hazard-of-two-level.html
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10614388_The_hazard_of_a_two-level_synergism_of_synecological_summation_of_anthropogenic_effects ;
The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, Volume 380, Numbers 1-6, p. 499-501.
Full text oline free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065634/;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/50526301/;
Innovation in a nutshell:
A new fundamental concept and new scientific terms, to develop terminology in environmental science, in ecology: Two-Level Synergism, Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects;
Abstract:
The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. ** NEW FACTS: in the study reported in the paper, the following new type of environmental hazards was found. It was shown that even some relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect which will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of that type of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected the organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). Some new bioeffects of the action of the synthetic detergent Vesna (1 mg/l) on the bivalves, oysters Crassostrea gigas were described. Also, some new effects of the detergent IXI (10 mg/l) on the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, were found; also, new effects of the detergent Tide-Lemon (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis were discovered. ** CONCLUSION: The hazard of simultaneous influence of contamination of environment (e.g., by detergents) on organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce effects on algae and bivalves that are filter-feeders. It means that a new type of environmental hazards was discovered.
[MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)];
DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085; http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p499synerg/
Key words (in short): synthetic detergent,bivalves, oysters, Crassostrea gigas,mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, toxicity, filter-feeders, water quality, pollution, plankton, ecotoxicology, trophic levels, algae,
tags for this article:
water_quality, water, theory, synthetic_substances, synergism, suspension_feeders, surfactants, summation, services, self-purification, quality, pollution, pollutants, plankton, pellets, new_hazards, mussels, marine, mariculture, management, man-made_impact, man-made_effects, invertebrates, inhibitors, improving_water_quality, hydrosphere, hazards, functioning, freshwater, filter-feeders, environmetal_safety, environmental_toxicology, environmental_chemistry, environmental, environment_protection, ecotoxicology, ecosystems_services, ecosystems, ecosystem, ecohazard, detergents, chemical_pollution, cationic_surfactant black_sea bivalvia bivalves biosphere biogeochemistry biogeochemical biogenic_migration bioassays benthos assessment aquatic_organisms aquatic aquaculture anthropogenic_impact
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2014/04/envirosci-paper-hazard-of-two-level.html
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10614388_The_hazard_of_a_two-level_synergism_of_synecological_summation_of_anthropogenic_effects ;
The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, Volume 380, Numbers 1-6, p. 499-501.
Full text oline free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065634/;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/50526301/;
Innovation in a nutshell:
A new fundamental concept and new scientific terms, to develop terminology in environmental science, in ecology: Two-Level Synergism, Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects;
Abstract:
The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. ** NEW FACTS: in the study reported in the paper, the following new type of environmental hazards was found. It was shown that even some relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect which will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of that type of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected the organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). Some new bioeffects of the action of the synthetic detergent Vesna (1 mg/l) on the bivalves, oysters Crassostrea gigas were described. Also, some new effects of the detergent IXI (10 mg/l) on the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, were found; also, new effects of the detergent Tide-Lemon (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis were discovered. ** CONCLUSION: The hazard of simultaneous influence of contamination of environment (e.g., by detergents) on organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce effects on algae and bivalves that are filter-feeders. It means that a new type of environmental hazards was discovered.
[MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)];
DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085; http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p499synerg/
Key words (in short): synthetic detergent,bivalves, oysters, Crassostrea gigas,mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, toxicity, filter-feeders, water quality, pollution, plankton, ecotoxicology, trophic levels, algae,
tags for this article:
water_quality, water, theory, synthetic_substances, synergism, suspension_feeders, surfactants, summation, services, self-purification, quality, pollution, pollutants, plankton, pellets, new_hazards, mussels, marine, mariculture, management, man-made_impact, man-made_effects, invertebrates, inhibitors, improving_water_quality, hydrosphere, hazards, functioning, freshwater, filter-feeders, environmetal_safety, environmental_toxicology, environmental_chemistry, environmental, environment_protection, ecotoxicology, ecosystems_services, ecosystems, ecosystem, ecohazard, detergents, chemical_pollution, cationic_surfactant black_sea bivalvia bivalves biosphere biogeochemistry biogeochemical biogenic_migration bioassays benthos assessment aquatic_organisms aquatic aquaculture anthropogenic_impact