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2nd draft. updated: 60 articles, Scopus, indexed, Enviro science (selected)

2nd draft. updated: 60 articles, Scopus, indexed, Enviro science (selected)
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/09/60-articles-scopus-indexed-enviro.html
http://ru.scribd.com/doc/170855801
Tags: Scopus, indexed, Environmental science, ecology, ecotoxicology, water, self-purification, detergents, surfactants
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The presence of viable hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms has been shown in the under-ground waters exposed by the Vorotilovskaya deep well (the Puchezh-Katunki astrobleme, 75 km north of Nizhny Novgorod, 1900- and 3200-m deep) using the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry of specific biomarkers of the microbial cell wall and the classical methods of bacteriology. Several microbial species have been isolated in pure culture and identified. Two bacillary species, Bacillus pumilus KTB-2 and Bacillus subtilis KTB-4, were maintained in pure cultures at reinoculations. The effects of mineralization and aeration of the medium on the growth characteristics of Bacillus pumilus KTB-2 in batch culture have been studied. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc.



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    • The experimental data analysis, concepts, and generalizations in this article provide the fundamental elements of the qualitative theory of biocontrol of water quality in a systematized form. The theory covers water self-purification in freshwater and marine ecosystems. The theory is supported by the results of the author's experimental studies of the effects exerted by some chemical pollutants including synthetic surfactants, detergents, and other xenobiotics onaquatic organisms. The theory provides a basis for remediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems including purification of water bodies and streams, and briefly present the qualitative theory of the self-purification mechanism of aquatic ecosystems, phytoremediation and other types of technologies. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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    • Biodetritus that formed over a 7-month period in microcosms with Viviparus viviparus, Unio pictorum, and Ceratophyllum demersum contained a number of elements. This is the first study to determine concentrations of some elements in biodetritus. Neutron activation analysis showed that the elements' concentrations decrease in the following order: Ca > Zn > Ba > Br > Ce > Se > Nd > La > U > Hf > Sb > Th > Sm > S > Cs > Au. The data obtained contribute to understanding of the polyfunctional role of aquatic organisms in aquatic ecosystems. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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              • Effects of three surfactants on the filtration rates by marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a class of cationic surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. The significance of the results for the ecology of marine ecosystems is discussed. © Springer 2006.
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              • Principles of the theory of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification based on multiple functions of the biota in freshwater and marine ecosystems are formulated. In developing this theory, the results of the author's experiments with filtering hydrobionts have been used. These results indicate that the water self-purification mechanism is vulnerable to the impact of some pollutants and, in particular, surfactants. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the theory have practical significance for biodiversity conservation and for the sustainable use of the biological resources of aquatic ecosystems. © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
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              • On the basis of the previous publications, our new data and the existing scientific literature, we have formulated some fundamental principles that characterize the pivotal roles of the biodiversity of filter-feeders in ecosystems. Among those roles are: (1) the role of ecological repair of water quality, (2) the role of contributing to reliability and stability of the functioning of the ecosystem, (3) the role of contributing to creation of habitat heterogeneity, (4) the role of contributing to acceleration of migration of chemical elements. It is an important feature of the biomachinery of filter-feeders that it removes from water various particles of a very broad range of sizes. Another important principle is that the amount of the organic matter filtered out of water is larger than the amount assimilated so that a significant part of the removed material serves no useful function to the organism of the filter-feeder, but serves a beneficial function to some other species and to the ecosystem as a whole. The new experiments by the author additionally demonstrated a vulnerability of the filtration activity of filter feeders (e.g., bivalves      and rotifers) to some xenobiotics (tetradecyltrymethylammonium bromide, heavy metals and some others). The inhibition of the filtration activity of filter-feeders may lead to the situation previously described as that of an ecological bomb of the second type. © Springer 2005.
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                • Generalizations presented in this paper represent, in systematized form, the basic elements of the qualitative theory of water self-purification in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Recommendations are given for maintaining water quality and sustainable development of water resources. Results of experimental studies of the effect exerted by Triton X-100 and OMO synthetic detergent on mollusks Unio tumidus. © 2005 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".
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                • The geochemical apparatus of aqueous ecosystems: The Biocos regulation
                • Ostroumov, S.A.
                • 2004
                • Vestnik Rossijkoj Akademii Nauk 74 (9) , pp. 785-791

                •    Some elements of the theory of polyfunctional role of biota in self-purification of aquatic ecosystems and their ecological remediation, are presented in the integrated and systematized form. The analysis is based on the data of previous works and theory of aquatic system functioning.

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                • Long-term studies of the biological effect of surfactants, including the effect surfactants exert on filter feeders, are reviewed. The role of filter feeders in the functioning of freshwater and marine ecosystems is analyzed. New aspects in the assessment of environmental hazard due to the impact of chemical pollutants, including surfactants and detergents, are established. © 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".
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                • Abstract in short: 
                  A detailed well-structured presentation of the author’s innovative and multifaceted conceptualization of how almost all aquatic organisms work together toward making water clear and clean. As a matter of fact, this conceptualization is a new theory of ecological self-purification of water:
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                • The influence of some surface active substances on the filtration activity of marine Bivalvia was studied. It has been found that both anionic (sodium dodecylsulphate) and cationic (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) surfactants inhibited the filtration activity of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Some mixtures containing surface active substances also inhibited the filtration activity of C. gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The obtained data correlate well with the results obtained previously. They suggest that some xenobiotics and pollutants inhibited the filtration activity of other species of marine and freshwater Bivalvia. This experimental approach is useful in evaluating the influence of surface active substances on marine ecosystems.
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                • Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding.
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                  • The currently accepted system of criteria for evaluating environmental and ecological hazards of man-made chemicals (pollutants) is vulnerable to criticism. In this paper, a new concept of the system of approaches towards criteria for evaluating the ecological hazard from man-made impact is proposed. It is suggested to assess the man-made impacts (including effects of pollutants and xenobiotics) on the biota according to the following four levels of disturbance in biological and ecological systems: (I) the level of individual responses; (2) the level of aggregated responses of groups of organisms; (3) the level of stability and integrity of the ecosystem; (4) the level of contributions of the ecosystem to biospheric processes. On the basis of the author's experimental studies, an example is given of how to apply the proposed approach and the system of criteria to the analysis of concrete experimental data. To exemplify the efficiency of the proposed approach, it is shown how to use it to analyze new data on effects of a synthetic surfactant on water filtering by bivalves. It is concluded that the proposed approach will be helpful in better assessing environmental and ecological hazards from anthropogenic effects on biota, including effects of man-made chemicals polluting ecosystems.
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                  • Effects of several surfactants and chemical mixtures on marine bivalves were studied. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA), inhibited the filtering activity of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Similar effects were exhibited by some chemical mixtures that included surfactants. Those mixtures inhibited the filtering activity of Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The new results are in agreement with the author's previous experiments, where a number of xenobiotics and/or pollutants inhibited the filtering activity of several species of marine and freshwater bivalves, e.g., it had been shown that SDS inhibited filtering activity of Mytilus edulis (e.g., Ostroumov, 2000c, 2001a). This experimental approach is helpful in assessment of environmental hazards from man-made chemicals that can contaminate marine systems.
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                          Abstract

                          Ostroumov S.A. Dokl Biol Sci. 2002; 383: 147-150. PMID: 12053567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ** Full text online free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065586; System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filter-feeders.- Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002 (March). Vol. 383: 147-150. Bibliogr. 15 refs. ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). Distributed by Springer, orderdept@springer-sbm.com. ** ABSTRACT: As a result of the author’s studies of filter-feeders (DAN, 1998, Vol. 362, P. 574-576; DAN, 2001, Vol. 378, P. 283-285), it is clear that the filtering activity of populations of filter-feeders in natural habitats might be significantly reduced if the concentrations of some pollutants reach certain levels. The role of filter-feeders as factors of water purification in ecosystems is so important that their inhibition is a danger for the entire ecosystem. The author emphasizes that not only the biodiversity of filter-feeders but also their level of functional (filtration) activity is to be protected. In order to do so, the author suggested establishing a new type of protected areas whose main purpose is to protect functionally active populations of filter-feeders, including bivalves and other organisms. Those protected areas could be named hydrobiological (some variants: biofiltering, or malacological) reserves (some variants: refuges, sanctuaries, etc.). The author formulated 5 principles of nature conservation requirements in malacological and hydrobiological reserves (Tabl. 3). Among them is principle 2, "conservation of filtration activity of organisms and populations". The paper contains data on how 5 detergents (1-50 mg/L) inhibited the filtration activity of Unio tumidus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas (Tabl. 2); on effects on the efficiency of elimination (EEE) of suspended matter from water were measured (Tabl. 2); on the number of days (0.3 – 10) needed to filter the volume of aquatic (freshwater and marine) ecosystem by the local bivalves (a review of data from literature) (Tabl. 1). "I suggest that the existing system of protected terrestrial and water areas should be supplemented with special sites intended to conserve populations of filter-feeders. In addition to biodiversity conservation, these populations should be conserved because they fulfill a very important biogeocenotic function of water filtration and purification" (p.149). "The system of five principles…is proposed to provide an ecological basis of the environment conservation conditions at these sites (malacological and hydrobiological reserves)" (p.149).]. DOI 10.1023/A:1015398125876; www.springerlink.com/index/1MNVLNAYW36TC92R.pdf
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                          • Top-down control is an important type of interspecies interactions in food webs. It is especially important for aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton grazers contribute to the top-down control of phytoplankton populations. The paper is focused on the role of benthic filter feeders in the control of plankton populations as a result of water filtering and the removal of cells of plankton from the water column. New data on the inhibitory effects of surfactants and detergents on benthic filter-feeders (Unio tumidus, U. pictorum, Mytilus galloprovincialis, M. edulis and Crassostrea gigas) are presented and discussed. Importance and efficiency of that approach to the problems of eutrophication and water self-purification is pointed out. Chemical      pollution may pose a threat to the natural top-down control of phytoplankton and water self-purification process. The latter is considered an important prerequisite for sustainable use of aquatic resources.
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                          Abstract:

                          Innovative and multi-faceted conceptualization of how almost all aquatic organisms (biological community) work together toward making water clear and clean, toward improving water quality. The issues covered: -A new vision of the mechanism of water self-purification processes; -Water self-purification in aquatic ecosystems is based on a number of interconnected processes either physical, chemical or biological…; -A new fundamental concept of the multi-functional (polyfunctional) role of aquatic organisms; [=hydrobionts] (and the aquatic biota as a whole) in the purification of aquatic - both freshwater and marine - ecosystems.
                          • CITATION. e.g., cited in U.S.A., Germany, Spain, China, Greece, India: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=14713998550545903889&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=en;

                          E.g.,cited in: • Intra-basin spatial approach on pollution load estimation in a large Mediterranean river. Yorgos Chatzinikolaou, Alexis Ioannou, Maria Lazaridou. Journal: Desalination , vol. 250, no. 1, pp. 118-129, 2010; • Water Quality of Effluent-dominated Ecosystems: Ecotoxicological, Hydrological, and Management Considerations. Bryan W. Brooks, Timothy M. Riley, Ritchie D. Taylor. Journal: Hydrobiologia , vol. 556, no. 1, pp. 365-379, 2006; • Studies on the biofiltration capacity of Gracilariopsis longissima: From microscale to macroscale. Ignacio HernĂĄndez, Abraham PĂ©rez-Pastor, Juan J. Vergara, J. Francisco MartĂ­nez-AragĂłn, M. Ángeles FernĂĄndez-Engo, J. Lucas PĂ©rez-LlorĂ©ns. Journal: Aquaculture , vol. 252, no. 1, pp. 43-53, 2006; • Also, this paper was cited by scientists of more than 20 top universities and scientific institutes in Belgium, Sweden, Netherlands et al.
                          • Tags: æ°Ž，ç”Ÿæ€çł»ç»Ÿ，生态, æ°Žäș§ç±»，ćŒćŁłç±»，ç”Ÿæ€çŽŻćąƒ，生态，环汃漉慹，çŽŻćąƒæŻ’ç†ć­Š，æ»€éŁŸæ€§，æ·Ąæ°Ž，ć«ç”Ÿ，氎生生物，æ°Ž，æ”·æ°Ž，ć‡€ćŒ–æ°ŽèŽš，è‡Ș懀，æ‚Źæ”źéŠˆçșż，æ°Ž，æ°Žçš„ćŻæŒç»­æ€§; Wasserpflanzen, Muscheln, Ökologie, Ökosystem, ökologische Sicherheit, Umwelt-Toxikologie, Filtrierer, SĂŒĂŸwasser-, Gesundheits-, Hydrobiologie, HydrosphĂ€re, Meerwasser, Reinigung, WasserqualitĂ€t, Selbstreinigung, Aussetzung-Zubringer, Wasser, Wasser Nachhaltigkeit; aquatique, les bivalves, l'Ă©cologie, Ă©cosystĂšme, durabilitĂ© de l'eau de la sĂ©curitĂ© de l'environnement, la toxicologie environnementale, filtreurs, d'eau douce, la santĂ©, l'hydrobiologie, l'hydrosphĂšre, l'eau de mer, la purification, la qualitĂ© de l'eau, l'auto-Ă©puration, de suspension des dĂ©parts, de l'eau,

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                                • Effects of amphyphilic chemicals on filter-feeding marine organisms
                                • Ostroumov, S.A.
                                • 2001
                                • Doklady Akademii Nauk 378 (2) , pp. 283-286 
                                • ABSTRACT:  For the first time, oysters Crassostrea gigas were used as the test-organisms in bioassay of synthetic surfactants and detergents. Surfactants and detergents are one of the key components of water pollution from municipal waste waters, from ports and ships, from industry and mining. The new data revealed a novel type of environmental hazards. New negative effects of several amphiphilic chemicals (surfactants) and chemical mixtures on oysters and other marine bivalves were discovered. These chemicals pose hazards to aquaculture of  oysters. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) inhibited water filtering activity of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Similar effects were exhibited by some chemical mixture products (detergents) that included surfactants as components of the mixtures. Those mixture products inhibited filtering activity by bivalve mollusks, oysters Crassostrea gigas and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mixture products tested were: the laundry detergents SD1(L), Lanza-automat  (Benckiser); SD2(I), IXI Bio-Plus (Cussons); LD1 (E), dish washing liquid E (Cussons International, Ltd.); and LD2 (F), dish washing liquid Fairy (Procter & Gamble, Ltd.). The new results are in agreement with the author’s previous experiments, where a number of xenobiotics and/or pollutants inhibited the filtering activity of several species of marine and freshwater bivalves. The filtering activity contributes to improving water quality. This experimental approach is helpful in assessment of environmental hazard from man-made chemicals that contaminate marine ecosystems.

                                •  ABSTRACT:
                                • Imbalance of the factors which control the abundance of unicellular plankton under the anthropogenic impact. — DAN (Doklady Akademii Nauk). 2001. Vol. 379. No.1. P. 136 – 138. 4 tables. Bibliogr. 12 refs. In Russ. Translated into English:
                                  Ostroumov S.A. Imbalance of factors providing control of unicellular plankton populations exposed to anthropogenic impact. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001. Vol. 379, P. 341-343. 4 tables. Bibliogr.12 refs. (Translated from DAN 2001. Vol. 379. P.136-138). ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online). PMID: 12918370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. The paper presents and analyzes new experimental data on the effects of chemical pollution of aquatic medium on the abundance of unicellular plankton organisms. The following 6 types of effects of filter-feeders and chemical pollutants [synthetic surfactants and detergents (mixtures)] on phytoplankton organisms were found (examples were given in this paper in Tab.2): (1) Inhibition of growth (and abundance); (2) Growth stimulation in the presence of surfactants and detergents; (3) Decrease in abundance as a result of elimination of plankton cells from water by the freshwater mollusks Unio tumidus and rotifers; (4) Abundance decrease as a result of water filtration by the marine mollusks Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and Crassostrea gigas; (5) Decrease in the efficiency of cell elimination from water caused by the synthetic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100), namely, the TX-100-induced (5 mg/l) inhibition of the filtration activity of the freshwater mollusks U. tumidus; (6) Decrease in the efficiency of cell elimination from water as a result of inhibition of the filtration activity of the marine mollusks Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas induced by surfactants and Avon Herbal Care (hair shampoo). A new parameter and formula were suggested: the efficiency of cell elimination from water, ECE. The following maximum values of ECE were found (at the concentrations of the chemical, mg/l, in brackets): (1) Detergent OMO, Unio tumidus, 186.7 (50); (2) Detergent Losk-Universal, Mytilus galloprovincialis, 551.7 (7); (3) Detergent Tide-Lemon, Mytilus galloprovincialis, 206.9 (50); (4) Detergent IXI, M. galloprovincialis, 157.8 (10); (5) Detergent Deni-Automat, Crassostrea gigas, 10 800.0 (30); (6) Detergent Lanza, Crassostrea gigas, 261.7 (20); (7) Detergent Vesna-Delikat, Crassostrea gigas, 200.0 (1); The tables in the paper: Factors of regulation of unicellular plankton abundance (Tab.1); effects of surfactants and detergents on phytoplankton abundance (Tab.2); 7 detergents inhibit filtration of 3 species of marine and freshwater mollusks (Tab.3); Mytilus galloprovincialis eliminates from water the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (these cells were used as a convenient model for particles suspended in water) and algae Pavlova lutheri = M. lutheri as a result of filtration (comparing the 2 processes at the same time, Tab. 4). The results obtained in this work demonstrated and proved that certain pollutants (exemplified by synthetic surfactants and detergents) might cause a substantial imbalance of the factors controlling unicellular plankton populations. Direct and indirect (mediated by organisms-consumers) effects of certain surfactant-containing mixtures on unicellular plankton could sum with each other, giving rise to mutual amplification. This may cause a complete imbalance of the system. The conclusions made in this work may be applied to unicellular plankton of both marine and freshwater ecosystems, including ecosystems subjected to eutrophication. The results contribute to issues of environmental safety and resource use sustainability.

                                  DOI 10.1023/A:1011600213221; www.springerlink.com/index/QGJ756467J2R7470.pdf;
                                  PMID: 12918370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE];
                                  Full text: https://sites.google.com/site/1dbs379p341imbalance/
                                  www.scribd.com/doc/49065596;
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                                •  Abstract of the English edition of this paper: 
                                • The Synecological Approach to the Problem of Eutrophication. - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 381, 2001, p. 559–562. 3 Tables. Bibliogr. 15 refs. (Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2001, Vol. 381, No. 5, pp. 709–712). ISSN 0012-4966. www.springerlink.com/index/h7p6616572p476l1.pdf; Distributed by Springer,  orderdept@springer-sbm.com. [Abstract: the author suggests a new component of the measures against eutrophication: reducing the input of the pollutants that weaken the potential of the filter-feeders for removing algae from water. A new approach to combat eutrophication. Among new facts: the liquid detergent Fairy 2 mg/L inhibited filtration by bivalve filter-feeders mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis within 2-23 min after addition]. DOI 10.1023/A:1013378505630. http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/Danbio6_2001v381n5.E.eutrophication.pdf; http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/6113591; http://www.scribd.com/doc/50524170/;
                                  http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065550/; PMID: 12918433 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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                                • The effect of synthetic anionic surface active substance (SAS) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, 4 mg/l) on the kinetics of water filtration by mussel Mytilus edulis was studied. A suspension of algae Isochrysis galbana was added to the vessel with the mussels, and their filtration activity was measured by counting the concentration of the algae cells in the experimental vessels. Algae concentration was measured every 30 min for an hour and a half. The inhibiting effect on the mollusk filtration rate (FR) was qualitatively described. After the first 30 min filtration at 4 mg/l initial SDS concentration, the cell density was 322% of the control. The inhibiting effect was observed later as well. Due to FR inhibition in the vessels with the above specified initial SDS concentration, the algae cell density was 6.4 and 14.7 times that of the control after 1 and 1.5 h, respectively. Thus, SAS SDS can decrease the natural capacity of aquatic ecosystems for self-purification and disturb other aspects of ecosystem functioning through inhibiting the filtration activity of mussels. The obtained data are discussed in the context of environment and hydrosphere protection from pollution.
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                                • The effect of synthetic anionic surface active substance (SAS) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, 4 mg/l) on the kinetics of water filtration by mussel Mytilus edulis was studied. A suspension of algae Isochrysis galbana was added to the vessel with the mussels, and their filtration activity was measured by counting the concentration of the algae cells in the experimental vessels. Algae concentration was measured every 30 min for an hour and a half. The inhibiting effect on the mollusk filtration rate (FR) was qualitatively described. After the first 30 min filtration at 4 mg/l initial SDS concentration, the cell density was 322% of the control. The inhibiting effect was observed later as well. Due to FR inhibition in the vessels with the above specified initial SDS concentration, the algae cell density was 6.4 and 14.7 times that of the control after 1 and 1.5 h, respectively. Thus, SAS SDS can decrease the natural capacity of aquatic ecosystems for self-purification and disturb other aspects of ecosystem functioning through inhibiting the filtration activity of mussels. The obtained data are discussed in the context of environment and hydrosphere protection from pollution.
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                                • According to one of the approaches to the definition of criteria for the phenomenon of life, the key attribute is the ability of the system for some self-regulating and self-supporting. Part of such holistic functions of aquatic ecosystems as self-regulating and self-supporting is their cleaning the water via a multitude of various mechanisms. The goal of this paper is to present some fundamental elements of the theory of ecosystem self-purification which emphasizes the importance of the four functional biological filters that are instrumental in purification and upgrading the quality of water in aquatic ecosystems. These functional filters are: (1) direct water filtering by aquatic organisms that are filter-feeders; (2) the filter (represented mainly by communities of aquatic plants/periphyton) which prevents input of pollutants and biogenic elements (N, P) from land into water bodies; (3) the filter (represented by benthic organisms) which prevents re-entry of pollutants and biogenic elements from the bottom sediments into the water; (4) the filter (represented by microorganisms attached to particles which are suspended in the water) that provides microbiological treatment of water column. New experimental data by the author reveal the role of man-made effects on the ecological machinery which purifies water. The analysis and discussion lead to the holistic theory of the natural process of bioremediation of aquatic ecosystems.
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                                • The effects of the non-ionogenic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX), on the growth of cultured centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were studied. In the presence of 0.1 mg/l TX the cell density in the culture was markedly lower than in the control culture. In the presence of 1 mg/l TX the decrease in cell density exceeded 50%. The decrease in the specific growth rate was about 10% in the presence of 0.1 mg/l TX and about 40% in the presence of 1 mg/l TX (over a period of seven days). The diatom sensitivity to TX was higher than that of some red and green algae and chrysophytes, as well as that of starfish spermatozoa and plant seedlings to TX or similar surfactants. These data reveal some more aspects of the ecological danger of aquatic pollution by non-ionogenic surfactants. © 1996 MAEe Cyrillic signK HayÎșa/Interperiodica Publishing.
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                                • We investigated the effect of one of the quaternary ammonia compounds, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, which is found in the water, on leeches and buckwheat shoots. We found that this surfactant affects behavior in leeches and is lethal in high concentrations. We demonstrated that this substance inhibits the growth of shoots. This information may be used in the analysis and evaluation of possible ecological sequelae of the effect of stagnant and polluted waters on agriculture. Comparison of the sensitivity of the two biotests demonstrated that the biotest on leeches was more sensitive under these research conditions.
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                                • A review of some latest works on biological effect of different surfactants and surfactant-pollute aquatic environment on test-organisms is presented. Data on biotesting of aquatic environments containing commercial anionic, nonionic, cationic surfactants and their compositions are considered. A new approach to the problem of quantitative comparison of results from biotestings in different series of experiments is suggested. It is stated that pollution of aquatic environment with surfactants is ecologically more dangerous than it has been previously considered.
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                                • Bioassay of aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant sulfonol and the pesticide DNOC indicated that both pollutants effectively inhibited the elongation of Sinapis alba seedling; DNOC was the more effective inhibitor. Sinapis alba seedlings appear suitable for bioassay of these pollutants in water bodies.
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