New steps in discovering facts of ecology and environmental toxicology. Explaining the recent paradigm shift in environmental toxicology. 23 innovative publications, selected, online free.
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/04/new-steps-in-discovering-facts-of.html
http://ru.scribd.com/doc/134401432/
**
Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. № 2. P. 30-36. [The journal ‘Science in Russia’ is published by the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, both in English and in Russian; Nauka Publishers, Moscow; ISSN 0869-7078. www.ras.ru, ©Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium.]
Full text free:
**
Citation of these and related publications: in U.S.A., Russia, U.K., Germany, France, Netherlands, Switzerland, China, Japan, Australia, India, etc.: http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/04/citation-of-moscow-university-research_13.html
**
Traditional testing for toxicity was (and in part is) usually based on mortality of the test-organisms.
The measure of the hazard of the chemical is usually the increase in mortality.
The most popular measure is the LC50, the concentration that leads to the death of 50% of test animals.
This tool to assess the potential toxicity of the chemical is most popular.
A number of publications was published that developed a much more subtle method to assess the environmental hazards of chemical pollutants in aquatic environment.
This method is measuring the effect of the chemical tested on functional activity of the test-organisms. The organisms do not die in these experiments. The concentrations of the chemicals tested are sublethal (in other words, the concentrations are far less than the lethal concentrations). It is important that the functional activity is of vital importance to the entire ecosystem. As a result, the decrease in this fucntional activity of the organism has a very negative impact on the ecosystem. It means that the sublethal effect of the chemical is really an environmental hazard.
In this series of publications, the test-organisms were bivalve mollusks and some other aquatic invertebrates that filter water. The chemicals that were tested were synthetic surfactants (synonyms: surface-active substances, surface-active agents) or the mixtures of chemicals that included surfactants (detergents). The functional activity that was measured was water filtration by these aquatic invertebrate animals. The vital importance of this functional activity of invertebrates is the role of wate filtration as a component of a very important function of the healthy ecosystem, water self-purification (functioning of the ecosystems toward maintaining and improving water quality in aqautic habitats).
The series of new facts was discovered in these publications.
These facts are:
Synthetic surfactants and detergents inhibited water filtration by marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks [1-12];
Synthetic surfactant inhibited water filtration by rotifers [13];
Synthetic surfactant inhibited water filtration by daphnia [14].
The significant role of water filtration as a component of the vital function of healthy aquatic ecosystems (as a component of the functioning of the ecosystems toward water self-purification) was described and analized in the papers [ 15-20 ] and the book [ 12 ]. As a result, a consistent theory of multifunctional biotic self-purification of water was formulated [15-20].
As a result of this series of experiments and there analysis, a better understanding of ecosystems was achieved. It helped formulate a better, modernized definition of the scientific term 'ecosystem' [21].
[7]**
[8]**
[10]**
[11]**
[12]**
Biological Effects of Surfactants
[13]**
Effect of a Cationic Amphiphilic Compound on Rotifers [synthetic surfactant]
[14]**
On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: Effects of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders [Daphnia magna, filtration, trophic activity inhibition]
http://books.google.ru/books?id=prERdufIXg4C&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=ostroumov+s+a&source=bl&ots=8WD-t9S7BE&sig=ZZdg3Uwp4qOpmeMFwY5rDltVh5g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5mtgUejFCuja4QSTs4HwBQ&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=ostroumov%20s%20a&f=false
**
Key words:
aquatic pollution, chemicals, ecology, ecosystem health, water filtration, environmental hazards, water self-purification, testing, toxicology,
Key words in German:
Wasserverschmutzung, Chemikalien, Ökologie, Ökosystem Gesundheit, Wasserfiltration, Umweltgefahren, Wasser Selbstreinigung, Tests, Toxikologie,
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/04/new-steps-in-discovering-facts-of.html
http://ru.scribd.com/doc/134401432/
**
An easy-to-read, simple language review of the author’s studies of aquatic organisms, mainly marine and freshwater invertebrates that are filter-feeders - biological filters - as an important part of the biosphere and hydrosphere. As a result of globe-wide traveling, the studies were conducted in laboratories of four countries in the both hemispheres.
This short paper provides an excellent introduction to the topic of this series of scientific papers which presented new facts and ideas after their approbation in the presentations made in the U.S.A. (Washington DC at National Science Foundation and USDA; New York, Columbia University, Massachusetts; Oregon, at U.S. EPA), Germany, U.K., Switzerland, Netherlands, Denmark.
This short paper provides an excellent introduction to the topic of this series of scientific papers which presented new facts and ideas after their approbation in the presentations made in the U.S.A. (Washington DC at National Science Foundation and USDA; New York, Columbia University, Massachusetts; Oregon, at U.S. EPA), Germany, U.K., Switzerland, Netherlands, Denmark.
Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. № 2. P. 30-36. [The journal ‘Science in Russia’ is published by the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, both in English and in Russian; Nauka Publishers, Moscow; ISSN 0869-7078. www.ras.ru, ©Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium.]
Full text free:
**
Citation of these and related publications: in U.S.A., Russia, U.K., Germany, France, Netherlands, Switzerland, China, Japan, Australia, India, etc.: http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/04/citation-of-moscow-university-research_13.html
**
Traditional testing for toxicity was (and in part is) usually based on mortality of the test-organisms.
The measure of the hazard of the chemical is usually the increase in mortality.
The most popular measure is the LC50, the concentration that leads to the death of 50% of test animals.
This tool to assess the potential toxicity of the chemical is most popular.
A number of publications was published that developed a much more subtle method to assess the environmental hazards of chemical pollutants in aquatic environment.
This method is measuring the effect of the chemical tested on functional activity of the test-organisms. The organisms do not die in these experiments. The concentrations of the chemicals tested are sublethal (in other words, the concentrations are far less than the lethal concentrations). It is important that the functional activity is of vital importance to the entire ecosystem. As a result, the decrease in this fucntional activity of the organism has a very negative impact on the ecosystem. It means that the sublethal effect of the chemical is really an environmental hazard.
In this series of publications, the test-organisms were bivalve mollusks and some other aquatic invertebrates that filter water. The chemicals that were tested were synthetic surfactants (synonyms: surface-active substances, surface-active agents) or the mixtures of chemicals that included surfactants (detergents). The functional activity that was measured was water filtration by these aquatic invertebrate animals. The vital importance of this functional activity of invertebrates is the role of wate filtration as a component of a very important function of the healthy ecosystem, water self-purification (functioning of the ecosystems toward maintaining and improving water quality in aqautic habitats).
The series of new facts was discovered in these publications.
These facts are:
Synthetic surfactants and detergents inhibited water filtration by marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks [1-12];
Synthetic surfactant inhibited water filtration by rotifers [13];
Synthetic surfactant inhibited water filtration by daphnia [14].
The significant role of water filtration as a component of the vital function of healthy aquatic ecosystems (as a component of the functioning of the ecosystems toward water self-purification) was described and analized in the papers [ 15-20 ] and the book [ 12 ]. As a result, a consistent theory of multifunctional biotic self-purification of water was formulated [15-20].
As a result of this series of experiments and there analysis, a better understanding of ecosystems was achieved. It helped formulate a better, modernized definition of the scientific term 'ecosystem' [21].
Moreover, the new better understanding of aquatic ecosystems helped develop a new approach to solution of the problem of eutrophication [22].
Another application of the results of this series of publications was developing principles for aquatic biodiversity conservation in nature reserves for water objects and water habitats [23].
Evidence in support:
The results of this series of publications were cited in a number of independent studies, e.g. [ 24 ].
Explanation of what is innovative and valuable in individual papers in the form of user-friendly text and comment see here: [25].
Another application of the results of this series of publications was developing principles for aquatic biodiversity conservation in nature reserves for water objects and water habitats [23].
Evidence in support:
The results of this series of publications were cited in a number of independent studies, e.g. [ 24 ].
Explanation of what is innovative and valuable in individual papers in the form of user-friendly text and comment see here: [25].
[1]**
Inhibition of Mussel Suspension Feeding by Surfactants of Three Classes [Mytilus, bioassay]
[3]**
Responses of Unio tumidus to Mixed Chemical Preparations and the Hazard of Synecological
[4]**
Summation of Anthropogenic Effects [Unio tumidus is a species of freshwater bivalve mollusks]
Responses of Unio tumidus to Mixed Chemical Preparations and the Hazard of Synecological
[4]**
Summation of Anthropogenic Effects [Unio tumidus is a species of freshwater bivalve mollusks]
[7]**
**Identification of a New Type of Ecological Hazard of Chemicals: Inhibition of Processes of Ecological Remediation
[8]**
[10]**
[11]**
[12]**
Biological Effects of Surfactants
[13]**
Effect of a Cationic Amphiphilic Compound on Rotifers [synthetic surfactant]
[14]**
On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: Effects of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders [Daphnia magna, filtration, trophic activity inhibition]
[15]**
[19]**
[20]**
Biodiversity Protection and Quality of Water: The Role of Feedbacks in Ecosystems
[21]**
On the Biotic Self-purification of Aquatic Ecosystems: Elements of the Theory [improving water quality]
[16]**
[16]**
The Effect of Synthetic Surfactants on the Hydrobiological Mechanisms of Water Self-Purification
**
[18]**
**
[18]**
[19]**
[20]**
Biodiversity Protection and Quality of Water: The Role of Feedbacks in Ecosystems
[21]**
New Definitions of the Concepts and Terms Ecosystem and Biogeocenosis
[22]**
The Synecological Approach to the Problem of Eutrophication
[23]**
System of Principles for Conservation of the Biogeocenotic Function and the Biodiversity of Filter-Feeders
[24]**
Examples of citation, short list of web sites/links 2013,April:
page 227 of the book[22]**
The Synecological Approach to the Problem of Eutrophication
[23]**
System of Principles for Conservation of the Biogeocenotic Function and the Biodiversity of Filter-Feeders
[24]**
Examples of citation, short list of web sites/links 2013,April:
**
Authors, Cited: U.S.A., Canada, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Australia, China, et al.: http://www.scribd.com/doc/86547743/Citing-Authors-Citation-of-works-authored-by-Dr-S-A-Ostroumov-citing-authors-U-S-A-Canada-Germany-Italy-Netherlands-Belgium-Spain-Austral
**
Citation in U.S.A. Western Kentucky University, 2012. Cited paper: Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders. Hydrobiologia 542: 275–286. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/01/citation-usa-western-kentucky.html
**
Citation. Book. Biological Effects of Surfactants. Austria, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Brazil, Indonesia, et al. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/01/citation-of-book-biological-effects-of_25.html
**
Citation. Indian Institute of Technology, (New Delhi); and Banaras Hindu University, (Varanasi) cited
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/01/indian-institute-of-technology-hauz.html
**
Citation:Environment Agency, Germany; Environment Agency Austria. book on Surfactants http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/01/citation-federal-environment-agency-of.html
**
Citation. Biological Effects of Surfactants. Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Austria, Slovakia, Germany, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Denmark, United Kingdom, Poland:
**
Citation. Worldwide. Institutions. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/01/citation-worldwide-list-of-some.html
**
Africa, America, Asia, Australia, Europe. Citation. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2013/01/all-continents-except-south-pole-cited.html
**
The University of Western Australia: citation. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders
**
updtd Jan29 2013;
**
**
International Water Association (IWA) cited. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/12/international-water-association-iwa.html
**
600 papers, institutions cited. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/07/world-wide-and-international-citing-of.html
**
[25]**
[25]**
A review of some achievements in environmental sciences, general ecology and aquatic ecology: functioning of ecosystems and environmental toxicology
http://books.google.ru/books?id=prERdufIXg4C&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=ostroumov+s+a&source=bl&ots=8WD-t9S7BE&sig=ZZdg3Uwp4qOpmeMFwY5rDltVh5g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5mtgUejFCuja4QSTs4HwBQ&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=ostroumov%20s%20a&f=false
**
Key words:
aquatic pollution, chemicals, ecology, ecosystem health, water filtration, environmental hazards, water self-purification, testing, toxicology,
Key words in German:
Wasserverschmutzung, Chemikalien, Ökologie, Ökosystem Gesundheit, Wasserfiltration, Umweltgefahren, Wasser Selbstreinigung, Tests, Toxikologie,
