More on Gate to Underworld found in ancient Hieropolis

Italian archaeologists have uncovered a "gate to hell" from ruins in southwestern Turkey. Known as Pluto's Gate-Ploutonion in Greek, Plutonium in Latin-the cave was celebrated as the portal to the underworld in Greco-Roman mythology and tradition.

Known as Pluto's Gate -- Ploutonion in Greek, Plutonium in Latin -- the long sought cave was found by Italian archaeologists in the ancient Phrygian city of Hierapolis, now called Pamukkale. Featuring a vast array of abandoned broken ruins, possibly the result of earthquakes, the site revealed more ruins once it was excavated [Credit: Francesco D'Andria/Discovery News]

According to historic sources, the site was located in the ancient Phrygian city of Hierapolis, now called Pamukkale, and the opening was described as filled with lethal mephitic vapors.

Greek geographer Strabo (64/63 BC-about 24 AD) wrote that this space is full of a vapor so misty and dense that one can scarcely see the ground and any animal that passes inside meets instant death.

The archaeologists found the remains of a temple, a pool and a series of steps placed above the cave -- all matching the descriptions of the site in ancient sources [Credit: Francesco D'Andria/Discovery News]

The finding, announced this month at a conference on Italian archaeology in Istanbul, Turkey, was made by a team led by Francesco D'Andria, professor of classic archaeology at the University of Salento.

"We found the Plutonium by reconstructing the route of a thermal spring. Indeed, Pamukkale' springs, which produce the famous white travertine terraces originate from this cave," D'Andria told Discovery News.

The archaeologists found Ionic semi-columns and, on top of them, an inscription with a dedication to the deities of the underworld -- Pluto and Kore [Credit: Francesco D'Andria/Discovery News]

Featuring a vast array of abandoned broken ruins, possibly the result of earthquakes, the site revealed more ruins once it was excavated. The archaeologists found Ionic semi columns and, on top of them, an inscription with a dedication to the deities of the underworld-Pluto and Kore.

D'Andria also found the remains of a temple, a pool and a series of steps placed above the cave-all matching the descriptions of the site in ancient sources.

From these steps people watched the sacred rites. Priests standing in front of the portal sacrificed bulls while small birds were given to pilgrims to try the deadly effects of the opening [Credit: Francesco D'Andria/Discovery News]

"People could watch the sacred rites from these steps, but they could not get to the area near the opening. Only the priests could stand in front of the portal," D'Andria said.

D'Andria said they could see the cave's lethal properties during the excavation. He said several birds died as they tried to get close to the warm opening, instantly killed by the carbon dioxide fumes.

A digital illustration shows the ancient Plutonium, celebrated as the portal to the underworld in Greco-Roman mythology [Credit: Francesco D'Andria/Discovery News]

According to D'Andria, the site was a famous destination for rites of incubation. Pilgrims took the waters in the pool near the temple, slept not too far from the cave and received visions and prophecies, in a sort of oracle of Delphi effect. Indeed, the fumes coming from the depths of Hierapoli's phreatic groundwater produced hallucinations.

D'Andria and his team are now working on the digital reconstruction of the site. 

Source: ANI [April 01, 2013]