??? ????S S?????,
? a??s???a t?? ??s?a? ??a t?? a?t??e?µe????t?ta t?? d?a????sµ?? ap???at???p???s?? ???? ?a? ??SF? ?a? ??a ????e? p??se?? st?? e??????? ??ß????s?, p???e?µ???? ?a µe??e? ? ??s?a ??? ap? t? pa????d?, ?fe?e ??e? t?? a?ap????t? p??ed?? t?? ??s???? e?e??e?a??? ???a?ta «Gazprom», ??e??? ???e?, st?? ????a.
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??s?? p???d??? ??a?t?µ?? ???t?? p?a?µat?p???se ??a ta??d?-ast?ap?, p???e?µ???? ?a s??a?t??e? µe t?? p????p????? ??t??? Saµa?? ?a? t?? ?p????? ???pt???? ??st? ?at??d???, st??? ?p????? ??ese t??? p??ß??µat?sµ??? t?? «Gazprom» ??a t? d?ad??as?a p???s?? t?? ????-??SF?. ???ß??µat?sµ??, p?? e??a? p???a??se? de?te?e? s???e?? st? ??s??? ????ss?, ? ?p???? ?µ?? µet? t? ??es??? s????t?s?, s?µf??a µe p???? t?? µe????? ?a??µ??, µpa??e? ?a?? d??aµ??? st?? ????sa ??a t?? ????-??SF?.
??t?se d?af??e?a
? ep?s?e?? ?a? ?? s??a?t?se?? p?a?µat?p??????a? ?at?p?? a?t?µat?? t?? ?. ???e?, se µ?a ????s? p?? de? s??????e? ?a? ? ?p??a p?????ese ?p?? e??a? ?????? s??a?e?µ? st?? aµe???a???? p?esße?a. ?a?a?t???st??? e??a? ?t? ? a?ap????t?? p??ed??? t?? «Gazprom» pa??µe??e st?? ????a µ???? ??a d??µ?s? ??e? (?a? st? s????e?a ?f??e ??a ???a). ?e t?? ?. Saµa?? e??e s????t?s? ??a 40 ?ept?, st?? ?p??a µ???sta ?ta? pa???te? µ??? ?? d?? t???, ????? ?a? µetaf?ast?.
S?µf??a µe p????f???e?, ? ?. ???e? ??t?se ?a ?p???e? a?t??e?µe????t?ta ?a? d?af??e?a st? d?a????sµ? (?pe???µ??eta? ?t? ? p???esµ?a ??a t?? desµe?t???? p??sf???? e??a? st?? 12 ?p??????), ?a??? ?a? ?a µ?? ?p???e? eµp???? ???? p??se?? t?? ?µe???a???, p?? de? ep???µ??? ?a pe??s??? ?? ????-??SF? se ??s??? ????a.
?? µ??a?? ?a??µ?? st? s????e?a ?pe???µ??e ?t? ? p????p?????? ??e? ?e?a?a??se? t?s? st? ????? ?s? ?a? st? ????pa??? ?a??? ??µµa p?? ? ap???at???p???s? t?? ????-??SF? ?a ???e? µe a?t??e?µe???? t??p? ?a? µe ???µ??a t? s?µf???? t?? pat??da?. ??t? ????ste e??a? ? ap??t?s? t?? ????a? ?a? st?? aµe???a????? p??se??, ?t? d??ad? ? ??ß????s? e??a? ?p???e?µ??? ?a ep????e? t? µe?a??te?? p??sf???, ded?µ???? µ???sta ?t? ta ?s?da ap? t?? ap???at???p???se?? e??a? ??t? st? ?p??? ep?µ????? ?d?a?te?a ?? p?st?t?? t?? ???a?.
200 e?at. e??? e????t???
????te?a ? ?. ???e? e??f?ase st? s????t?s? µe t?? ?. ?at??d??? t? e?d?af???? t?? «Gazprom» ??? µ??? ??a t? ????, a??? ?a? ??a t?? a???? South Stream, ?a??? ?a? ??a s??e??as?a µe e???????? ep??e???se?? ??a t?? ?atas?e?? sta?µ?? pa?a????? ??e?t????? e????e?a? st?? ????da, ?? ?p???? ?a t??f?d?t???ta? µe ??s??? f?s??? a????.
?? ?????te?? ?µ?? ??t?µa p?? ??ese ? ??s?? e??a? ? ???? t?? p????????? ?t? ? p?e??d?t?? t?? d?a????sµ?? ???e? t?? e????t??? ep?st???, ? ?p??a st? s???e???µ??? pe??pt?s? a????e? ta 200 e?at?µµ???a e???, e?? ??a ?p???d?p?te ???? ? s?µf???a te???? de? ?a?p?f???se?. ? ???? a?t?? e??e «pa??se?» t??? ??s???. S?µf??a µe ??ße???t???? p????, p???e?ta? ??a ??a d?ad??ast??? ??t?µa p?? µp??e? ?a ???e? ????? ?a ?a??ste??se? ? d?a????sµ??.
?pe???µ??eta? ?t? µ? desµe?t???? p??sf???? ????? ?ata??se?, e?t?? ap? t?? «Gazprom» ??a t? ????, ? «Negusneft» t?? ?µ???? Sintez ??a ???? ?a? ??SF? (f??eta? ?a e??a? ? µe?a??te?? µ???? st??µ??, ?a??? ft??e? ta 1,9 d?s.), ? ?????p?a??a ?&? GasCo ??a t? ????, ? ?????p?a??a PPF & G??-????? ??a t? ??SF? ?a? ? a?????? «Socar» ??a t? ??SF?.
?a s?µß??a?a t?? ????
? 12? ?p?????? ???st??e ?? ? ?ata???t??? ?µe??µ???a ??a t? d?a????sµ? p???s?? t?? ???? ?a? p?e????f???? µe??d??? t?? ???at????? t?? ??SF?, ?a??? ?? s?µµet????te? e?e??? t?? ?µ??a p??pe? ?a ?p?ß????? t?? te?e?ta?a, desµe?t??? p??sf???.
S' a?t? t? f?s? t?? d?a????sµ?? µet????? p??te eta??e?e? ? ?????p?a?t??? s??µata ?a? t?sa ?a pa?aµe????? µ???? t? t????. ?????e ? d??at?t?ta ?a s?µµet????? ?a? 8 eta??e?e? a??µa ap? t?? p??????µe?? f?s?, a??? µ??? ?? eta???? ??p???? ap? t??? p??te te?????? d?e?d???t?? ?a? µe µe????f??? p?s?st? s?µµet????. ?? p??te eta??e?e? p?? ????? µe??e? st?? ????sa d?e?d???s?? a?t? t? st??µ?, e??a? ? ??s??? Gazprom, ? ?&? GasCo (Motor Oil ?a? ??t????a???), ? ???? ??s??? Negusneft - ???at???? t?? Sintez Group, t? ts????? fund PPF µe t?? e??????? G?? ????a ?a? ? ??at??? eta??e?a t?? ??e?µpa?t???, Socar.
? ???? ??e? pa?a?? s?µß??a?? d????e?a? 30 et?? µe t? ??s??? Gazprom, p?? ???e? t? 2016. ? Gazprom e??a? ßas???? p??µ??e?t?? t?? eta??e?a? ?a? t?? e???????? a?????, pa?????ta? µ???? ?a? 2,8 d?s. ??ß??? µ?t?a ae???? et?s???. Se s????? 4,2 d?s. ??ß???? µ?t??? et?s??? p?? pa?????ta? µ?s? µa?????????? s?µß??a??? st? ????, t? 67% pa???eta? ap? t?? Gazprom. ?a????????a s?µß??a?a µ???? t? 2021 ????? ?a? ? t??????? BOTAS, ?p?? ?a? ? a??e???? SONATRACH, p?? d??e? ????p???µ??? f?s??? a????. ? p??t? pa???e? t? 17% t?? et?s??? p??µ??e??? t?? ???? ?a? ? de?te?? t? 16%.
? Gazprom s???t? a?t? t?? pe???d? µe t? ???? ??a ??pt?s? t?? t?µ?? t?? ae???? p?? pa???e? ?a? t? ?p??? e?t?µ?ta? ?? a???ß?. S?µf??a µe d?µ?s?e?µa t?? «Izvestia», ? t?µ? ??a t?? ????da ?a p?se? ap? 476,7 d?????a t? 2012 sta 427,2 d?????a ta ????a ??ß??? µ?t?a f?t??. ? ??eta??a p??µ??e?eta? f?s??? a???? µe t? f????te?? d??at? t?µ?, sta 313,4 d?????a, e?? ? ????da s?µf??a µe t? d?µ?s?e?µa ?a ?ta? ? de?te?? a???ß?te?? a????, µet? ta S??p?a. St? ?d?? d?µ?s?e?µa a?afe??ta? ?t? t? µ?s? ??st?? a????? ae???? st?? ????p? ?a f??se? f?t?? ta 360 d?????a a?? ????a ??ß??? µ?t?a, se s??s? ta 413,1 d?????a st? p??t? e??µ??? p??s?.
???
????pa??? pa????d? µe t?µ?? ?a? a??????
??? ??F???S ??????????
??? ????p? ?a pe??µ??e? ?a? st?? pe??pt?s? t?? ?p??es?? «Gazprom» ? p????p??????, ??a ?a t?? ß???e? ap? t? d?s???? ??s?.
?et? t? ??t?µa t?? ??????t?s?? t?? e???????? ?p???e?st???? ??????µ???? ?????, p??, ?at? t?? ??t??? Saµa??, ap?te?e? p???? ?a? «e???pa???» ?p??es?, se??? ??e? ? ????????s? t?? d?a????sµ?? ??a t?? ap???at???p???s? t?? ????, t?? ?p??a d?e?d??e? ? ??s??? «Gazprom».
?a? a?t? d??t? t?? te?e?ta?? ???? ?a t?? ??e? ? ????pa??? ?p?t??p? ??ta????sµ??, st?? ?p??a ?a ap?sta?e? p??? ?????s? t? ap?t??esµa t?? d?a????st???? d?ad??as?a?.
? ????pa??? ?p?t??p? ap? t?? pe?asµ??? Sept?µß?? d?e?e??e? ??e??e? se ???e?-µ??? t?? ????pa???? ???s?? ?p?? d?at??e? ???at????? ? ??s??? «Gazprom», ?????ta? ?a d?ap?st?se? e?? pa?eµp?d??eta? ? a?ta????sµ??, ?ste?a ap? ?p???e?, ?p?? ep?s?µ?????e se a?a?????s? t?? ??µ?s???, ?t? ? ??s???? e?e??e?a??? ????ss?? «pa?eµp?d??e? t?? a?ta????sµ? st?? a????? f?s???? ae???? st?? ?e?t???? ?a? ??at????? ????p?».
?e ded?µ??? ?t? ? ???? ????a??e? st?? e??????? e?e??e?a?? a????, st?? pe??pt?s? ep????t?s?? t?? «Gazprom» st? d?a????sµ? e??a? s?????? ?t? ? ????pa??? ?p?t??p? ?a ??t?se? ?a d?e??????st??? ?? ???? t?? µetaß?ßas?? ?a? t?? ?e?t?????a? t?? e?????a? a?????, ?p? t? ??? ?d???t?s?a?? ?a?est?? t?? ????.
St? µeta??, ? ?. Saµa???, µe t?? ep????? t?? ?a de??e? ?a s??a?t??e? µe a??tat? st??e??? eta??e?a? p?? ??e? ?p?ß??e? ?p???f??t?ta ??a t? ????, t?? ??a p?? ß??s?eta? se e?????? ? ??? d?ad??as?a, e?d??eta? ?a d?se? «p?t?µa» st?? ???e? ?p???f?e? eta??e?e? ??a ?a apa?t?s??? t?? a????s? t?? d?a????sµ?? p??fas???µe?e? «pa?as????a??? d?e??as?e?».
??? t? te?e?ta?? d??st?µa ?? p??se?? p?? as????ta? st?? ??ß????s?, ?????? ap? t?? ???????e?, se s??s? µe t?? a??a??? p?? p??pe? ?a ?????? ?a? µ???sta ?µesa st?? e?????a a???? e????e?a?, e??a? p???µat? µe???e? ?a? ? d??at?t?ta d?ap?a?µ?te?s?? t?? e???????? p?e???? pe?????sµ???.
?? p????se?? pa??????a t?? ???µ???? ????te??? ????? ???e? epa?e???µµ???? ???st??.
? p?? p??sfat? af??µ? ?p???e t? s???d??? Athens Energy Forum 2013, ?p?? ? ?µe???a??? d?p??µ?t?? ?????? ?p????a «?esp???se» e?a?t??? t?? «Gazprom».
Se ???e pe??pt?s? ?? ?e?p???t???? p??e?t?se?? p?? s???de???? t? f??e?? «ap???at???p???s? ????» e??a? µe???e?.
?p? t? µ?a p?e??? ? ??s?a, µ?s? t?? ????, d?e?d??e? µe?a??te?? µe??d?? ?a? ???? st?? a???? e????e?a? t?? ?a??a????, ap? t?? ???? ? ???s???t?? ???e? ?a ap???e?se? µe ???e t??p? t?? p??sßas? t?? ??s?a? st? ?es??e??.
??? ?d?a st??µ? e???eµe? ? ???p???s? t?? d??t??? t?? a????? st?? pe????? t?? ??t??a?at?????? ????p??, ?p?? st? ped?? t?? a?ta????sµ?? ??a t??? e?a??a?t????? d??µ??? t?? f?s???? ae???? ap? t? ??e?µpa?t??? ?a? t? ??s?a d?a????????ta? t?e?? a?????, ? (e???????? e?d?af????t??) ??? µe t? Nabucco West, ?a? ?? d?? µa?? µe t? ??s??? South Stream.
????T????????.