???a????, ßa?eµ??a ?a? teµpe??? pe??µ????? t??? µe????t????? ta??d??te? st?? ???. ??a µe????t??? ta??d? st?? ?e?t????? p?a??t? de? ?a e??a? e????? ?p??es? ??a.. t??? ast???a?te?, ?a???, ?p?? ?de??a? ta p???sµata µ?a? p??s?µ???µ???? ap?st???? 520 ?µe??? (? µe?a??te?? se d????e?a p?? ??e? ???e? p?t?), ?? ep?ß?te? e??? d?ast?µ?p?????, ??e?sµ???? ??a t?s? ?a??? se ??a µ???? ????, ?a a?t?µet?p?s??? p??ß??µata ?p???, ?at??????? ?a? at???a?.
?? d?ata?a??? a?t?? µp??e? ?a ??s??? se ???d??? t? apa?t?t??? -?a? µ????? µ???t??? ??a t??? ?µesa s?µµet????te?- e??e???µa t?? a????p?t?ta? ?a pat?se? t? p?d? t?? st?? «??????? p?a??t?».
? p??t? µe??t?- a???????s? t?? p??s?µ???µ???? ta??d??? p?? p?a?µat?p??????e st? ??s?a µeta?? ??????? 2010 ?a? ??eµß???? 2011, ap? t? ??st?t??t? ????at????? ???ß??µ?t?? t?? ??s???? ??ad?µ?a? ?p?st?µ??, µe t?? ?p?st????? t?? ????pa???? ??ast?µ???? ?p??es?a? (ESA), d?µ?s?e????e st? pe???d??? t?? ??????? ??ad?µ?a? ?p?st?µ?? t?? ??? (PNAS), s?µf??a µe t? BBC ?a? t? «Science».
?p?? fa??eta?, ???? ?? s?µe????? ast???a?te? de? ?a e??a? ?at??????? ??a ?a ta ß?????? p??a µe ??a t?s? µa???????? ta??d?. ?a te?e?ta?a ?????a, ?a?e?? ast???a?t?? de? ??e? pa?aµe??e? st? d??st?µa p??? ap? ??? µ??e?, st?? ??e??? ??ast?µ??? Sta?µ?. ?a?a??te?a, t? 1995, ? ??s?? ??sµ??a?t?? ?a?e?? ????a??f e??e sp?se? t? ?e??? µ????ta? 437 s??e??µe?e? µ??e? e?t?? t?? G??.
H «ap?st???» Mars500, ??st??? 10 e?at. d??a????, pe????µßa?e ??a p???e????? e?aµe??? p????µa (t?e?? ??s??, d?? ????pa??? ?a? ??a? ??????? ?????a? 27 ??? 38 et??) p?? a?apa??st?sa? -se ??a «s??f??» 550 ??ß???? µ?t??? ????? ?a? pa?????a- ??a ta??d? st?? ???, se t??a st?d?a: 250 ?µ??e? t? ta??d? ??? t?? p?a??t?, 30 ?µ??e? ? pa?aµ??? e?e? ?a? 240 ?µ??e? t? ta??d? ep?st??f??.
?? e?e???t?? ß??s???ta? ?p? s??e?? ep?st?µ????? ep?t???s? ?a? ? µ??? t??? epaf? µe t?? ??? ??sµ? ?ta? µ?s? t?? d?ad??t??? ?a? t??ef???? µe 20?ept? ??????a??st???s? st?? ep????????a, ?s? ??e?????ta? p???µat? ta ?ad????µata ??a ?a ta??d????? µeta?? t?? ??? ?a? t?? G??. ? ßas??? d?as??das? t??? ?ta? ?a ß??p??? ta???e? DVD, ?a pa????? ß??te?pa????d?a ?a? ?a d?aß????? ß?ß??a, e?? ?at? ?a????? ?a????ta? ?a a?t?µet?p?s??? ap??sµe?a pe??stat??? (p.?. µ????? p???a???? ? µp?a?-???t t?? ?e?µat??), p?? s?????et??sa? ep?t?de? ?? e?e??t?? ??a ?a test????? t?? et??µ?t?ta t?? p????µat??.
?? ep?st?µ??e? p?? µe??t?sa? ep? 17 µ??e? t? pe??aµa, µe ep??efa??? e?e???t?? t?? ?at????? S????? t?? pa?ep?st?µ??? t?? ?e?s??ß???a ?a? t?? ????e???? ?at????? ?p?????, d?ap?st?sa? ?t? ?? ast???a?te? e??a? ep???epe?? se d?ata?a??? t?? ?p???, ?p?a ?at?????? ?a? ???a ?????????? p??ß??µata, ta ?p??a p??pe? ?a a?t?µet?p?s???? p??t?? ?e????se? p?a?µat??? µ?a t?t??a f???d??? d?ast?µ??? ap?st???.
?as??? d?ap?st?s? ?ta? ?t? ?? ast???a?te? ?????t?sa? s?et??? ??????a ??a ?a??st??? ?a? ad?a??? st?? ????, µe t??? pe??ss?te???? ?a ???µ???ta? ?a? ?a a?apa???ta? pe??ss?te?? ap? t? s?????sµ???, e?? µe????? ??a?a? p??? ?s??µ? ?p??, eµfa?????ta? st? s????e?a µe??µ??? ßa?µ? e??????s?? ?a? a???µ??? ??p? ??a ???? st?? e?t??es? t?? ?a?????t?? t???, ?a??? ?a? ??a at???µata.
?p?p????, ?p???e ???e??? s???????sµ??, ?a??? ?ta? µe????? ??p???sa? ??a «?µ??a», ????? ?pefta? ?a ???µ????? ??a «???ta». ?? µ??e? a?t? ap?d?deta? st? d?ata?a?? t?? ß????????? «????????» ?a? t?? ????ad?a??? ???µ?? t??? ???? t?? d?a????? te???t?? f?t?? µ?sa st?? ??e?st? ???? d?aµ???? t???, se s??d?asµ? µe t?? e???p? s?µat??? ?s??s?. ??ste?eta? ?t? ? ße?t??µ???? f?t?sµ?? t?? es?te????? ????? -p?? ?a µ?µe?ta? s?st? t? f?s??? e?a??a?? µ??a?-???ta?- ?a ß????se? st? µ?????.
?a???? p?? e??a? ep??e?e? µet? ap? p???????µa test a??µesa se ?????de? ?p???f???? ?a? e??a? e?pa?de??e? ??a ??a ?????, ?? «ast???a?te?» pe????sa? stad?a?? ??? ?a? pe??ss?te?? ??a sta ??eß?t?a t??? ? ap??? ad?a???sa?- ?a? ? ?at?stas? ?e???t??e?e ?s? pe????se ? ?a????. St? «ta??d? ep?st??f??» ?? ??d?e? t?? p????µat?? p??asa? pe??p?? 700 ??e? pe??ss?te?e? ?ap??µ???? ap? ?,t? st? a????? s????? t?? ta??d???, e?? t?sse??? ap? t??? ??? ?p?fe?a? ap? d??f??a ?????????? p??ß??µata ???? t?? ap?µ???s?? ?a? t?? µ???t???a?, a? ?a? ??? ??t? ?d?a?te?a s?ßa??.
???? d?? ap? t??? ??? ?e??e?ta? ?t? a?tap???????a? ?a? p??sa?µ?st??a? a??et? ?a?? st?? «ap?st???». ?????, µ??? ?at? t?? te?e?ta?e? 20 ?µ??e?, ???? t?? p??sµ???? ?t? t? «ta??d?» t??? ep?t????? te?e???e, ?? «ast???a?te?» ????a? e??s?? e?e???t???? µe t? ?e????µa t?? ap?st???? t???.
???? ???/ethnos.gr