??a ????? t?? st?? «??????µ??? ?a??d??µ?» ?ta? ? a?t?a ?a af?se? ???st??? t? Ga???a. ?et? ap? 10 ?????a e??as?a? st?? ??S?, ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ep?st??fe? st?? ????da t? 1998 ?ta?, ????ta? d?aß?se? t? ????? a?t?, t??... p??s???e? ? ????? T?µe??? ?a? t?? f???e? se epaf? µe t?? ??sta S?µ?t?.
?? ap?t???µ??e? p??sp??e?e? st?? ??????
?ta? p??t??at?ß??e ?p???f??? st?? ??????, ? ?d??? ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ??e? af????e? ?t?, st? t???? µ?a? ?µ???a? t??, s??????e ap? t??? s???e?t??µ????? ??a? ??????µ???? ?a? t?? f??a?e: «?s? e?pe? ?t? de? ?a ???e?? ???sf?t?a. ??a ??at? µa? f??a?e?»; ?p?t??e ?µ?? se d?? p??sp??e?e? ?a e??e?e? ß???e?t??, µ???? t? 2007 p?? ta ?at?fe?e ????ta? fa??eta? µ??e? t??? ?a???e? t?? pa????d???. ?p? t? 2007 µ???? t? 2008 p?? ????e e?p??s?p?? ??p?? t?? ??S?? de? ?ta? p???? a??? f????e ??a??? ??????, ??a ?a e?e????e? ? ?. ?apa???sta?t???? ?a? ?a µ???e? se ??a ta µ?st??? e??? pet???µ???? ?a? d?µ?f????? p???t????.
?? ?at?p?d??
???a ?????a ap? t?? ?µ??a p?? ? ??????µ???? s??t?p?t??, t?? ??t??se ta… ??sta ??a t?? ap????µ?a t?? ?a ???e? ???sf?t?a, t? ???µa t?? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? eµp???eta? st?? ?p??es? t?? ?at?ped??? ?ta? t?? ?at?????sa? ?t? d?????e ?a de? ??a? s??t?p?t? t?? ???a??t?, t?? ep??e???µat?a ??p?sta t?? ?d?a ??a p?? ?? e?p??s?p?? ??p?? t?? ??S?? ?at??????se t? ?? ??a t?? s??se?? µe t?? ??p?sta.
Sta… ß?µata t?? ??? ?????e?
Ge???µ???? t? 1961 st?? ????a. ???a? ???? t?? St?????? ?apa???sta?t????, ade?f?? t?? p???? ?p?????? ???te????? ?????? ?apa???sta?t????, ???µa p?? t?? ?d?se a?a?????s?µ?t?ta a??? te???? de? t?? ß????se ?s? ?a a??µe?e ?a?e??, af?? ap?t??e ?a e??e?e? d?? f???? st?? ??????, µ???? t?? ep?t??? p??sp??e?a t?? 2007. ??e? sp??d?se? ??????µ??? st?? ?????a (London School of Economics). «????? ?a? e?? t?? µaf?a? t?? ???e????» s??????e ?a ??e? se ?s??? t?? ??t??sa? ?a? de? pa???e?pe ?a ?pe???µ??e? ?t? e?e? ?ta? f??t?t?? ?a? ? ??? ?????e? d??t? «t? ??????? ??e? a??ste?? pa??d?s? ?a? a? p??e e?e? ?a? ? G?????? ?????s???f??».
? ???a?d??a s??????
?at??e? ?etapt???a?? t?t?? ap? t? ?a?ep?st?µ?? t?? ??a? ?????? ?a? ??da?t????? d?p??µa ap? t? S???? ??????µ???? t?? ?a?ep?st?µ??? t?? ???d???? (London School of Economics). ?et? t?? sp??d?? t??, e???st??e ep? 10 ?????a st?? ???a??sµ? ??????µ???? S??e??as?a? ?a? ???pt???? (??S?) st? Ga???a.
St? ???d??? ?????se ?a? t?? ???a?d??a ???a??a t?? µe t?? ?p??a st? s????e?a µeta??µ?sa? st? ?a??s? ?a? e???st??a? µa?? st?? ??S?. ?µ?? ? s?????? t?? e??at??e??e ta ??????µ??? ?a? ?e????se ?a ???fe? ta??d??t??? ß?ß??a ??a µ???? ?e??d??e?a ?a? ?e???e?. «St? sp?t? µ???µe t?e??-t?sse??? ???sse?», ??e? ap??a???e? ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? se pa?a??te?? s????te??? t??. «??? µe ta pa?d?? µ???µe e???????. ?a pa?d?? µe t? ???a??a µ?? µ????e ???a?d??? ?a? ???? µa?? µ???µe a??????», ??e? pe?.
?? s??se?? µe t?? ??sta S?µ?t?
?e t?? ep?st??f? t?? st?? ????da t? 1998 e???st??e ?? s?µß????? t?? ?????p?????? ??sta S?µ?t? ??a ??µata ???????a? t?? ?????f???a?. ??? ?????a µet?, ???st??e ??d???? G?aµµat?a? t?? ?p????e??? ??????µ?a? ?a? ??????µ???? ??a t?? ???????a t?? ?????f???a? (2000-2002). ?p???e µ???? t?? S?µß?????? ??????µ???? ?µpe??????µ???? (S??), µ???? t?? ??????t???? S?µß?????? t?? ??? ?a? e?p??s?p?? t?? ????da? st?? ?p?t??p? ??????µ???? ????t???? t?? ??.
«?e? ?ta? e????e? µ??e?. ??at??? ?a??? s??se?? µe t?? ??sta S?µ?t?» ??e? d???se? ??a t? p?? a?s??????e t?? µ??e? p?? ? G?????? ?apa?d???? s??????st??e µe t?? ??sta S?µ?t?.
?p? t? 2004 ??? t? 2007 ?ta? ??????µ???? s?µß????? t?? ????d??? t?? ??S??, G?????? ?. ?apa?d???? ?a? t? Sept?µß??? t?? 2007 e????eta? ß???e?t?? ???????. ??sa se p??? s??t?µ? ??????? d??st?µa, t? ???t?? t?? 2008, ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? a?a?aµß??e? ?a?????ta ??p??s?p?? ??p?? t?? ??S??. ??e?ta? t?? ??????f?de?t??? t?? ??S?? t?? ?????? t?? 2009 ?a? pa?aµ??e? e???ß???e?t?? ??a ?????? µ??e?.
? e?t?p?sµ?? t?? ????a
???a? Sept?µß???? t?? 2009, pa?aµ???? e??????, ?ta? ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t????, ?? e?p??s?p?? ??p?? t?? ??S?? p??e?d?p??e? ?sa ste???? t?? ??S?? et??µ????ta? ?a ?a?ap??s??? t?? ?a????e? t?? e???s?a?: «??t?? ?? 50 ?????p?? se ???e t?p??? ???????a de? e??a? t? ??S??, e??a? ap??? ??p???? ?a?e??????ta???? t?? ??S?? ?a? de? ?a e??a? a?t?? p?? ?a e?f??s??? t? ?a???????? ??S?? µet? t?? e??????».
???a? e?e??e? ?? e?????? p?? ? «???? p???t????» e?f?????ta? t? «?a???????? ??S??» pe??e? t?? G????? ?apa?d???? ?t? e?e???? ?a? ??? ? ????a ?ats??? p??pe? ?a e??a? ? ep?µe??? ts???? t?? ??????µ?a?. ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? a?a???e?eta? ap? t?? t?te ?????p????? ep??efa??? t?? ??????µ???? ep?te?e??? ?a? ?e????e? t?? ?a????a t?? µe µ?a ap???af? sta d?µ?s?a ??????µ???, ?p?? e??e ???e? ? G?????? ?????s???f??. ? st???? a?t?? t?? µ???a?a? ap???af?? ?ta? d?tt??. ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ??e?e ?a ap?de??e? ?t? ? ?? a?????se s?st?µat??? ta d?µ?s????µ??? st???e?a ?a? ??e?e ?a pa???s??se? ????? ???e?µµa p???e?µ???? st? s????e?a ?a de??e? ?t? ?at?fe?e ?a t? µe??se?. ?e???? e?e??? p?? ?at?fe?e ?ta? ?a ?ata??a??se? t?? a???p?st?a t?? ????da? st? e??te????, ?a e?t????e? sta spread st?? 1.500 µ???de? ?a? ?a ?atast?se? p???? ad??at? t? da?e?sµ? t?? ???a?.
?? ?ata??e??e? ??a t?? ??S???
??a???? e????e?a ? f?s??? ep?µe?? e??a? p?? ? ?d??? e?sa??e??a? p?? µ???? ??e? ?ste??e st? ????? t? d?????af?a ??a ta a?????µ??a st???e?a t?? ??sta? ?a?????t, ? G??????? ?ep????, e??a? ? ?d??? p?? d?aß?ßase st?? ??sa??e??a t?? ??e??? ????? t? d?????af?a µe ta pa?ap???µ??a st???e?a t?? ??S???. ? d?????af?a s??µat?st??e µet? ap? ?ata??e??e? t?? ?a????t??a? ??????µet??a? t?? ?a?ep?st?µ??? ?a?ed???a? ?a? p???? µ????? t?? ??S??? ???? Ge???a?t? ??a te???t? d?????s? t?? a?a?e???µ???? e??e?µµat?? t?? 2009. ? ?. Ge???a?t? e??e ?ata??e??e? ?t? t?? ???µß??? t?? 2010 ? ??S???, de??µe?? p??se?? ap? t?? Eurostat, eµf???se t? ???e?µµa t?? 2009 st? 15,4% ap? 12- 13% p?? ?ta?, µe st??? ?a ??f???? ep?p???? d?sµe??ste?a ??????µ??? µ?t?a. ?p?? ep?s?? ?at???e??e, ? d?????s? ????e µe t?? ta????µ?s? st? Ge???? ??ß????s? t?? ????, ????? ?a ????? p??????e? stat?st???? µet??se??, ?p?? ???eta? se ???????? t?? ????p?.
??? ?d?a e?e??? µ???a?a pe???d? a?a?e???s?? t?? e??e?µµat??, de? ?ta? ???a ta ste???? t?? ??S?? p?? p??e?d?p????sa? ?t? ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? de? e??a? t? ?at?????? p??s?p? ??a t?? ?at?????? ??s?, ?t? ? ape???a t?? ?s?? ?a ??st?se? a???ß? st? ???a. ?µ?? ? G?????? ?apa?d???? pe??ß???e? µe ap???t? eµp?st?s??? t? s??e???t?? t??. ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? de? pt?e?ta? ap? t?? ep???se??. ??s???eta? p??? ?s?????. ?? d???se?? t?? sp?????? f?ß? st?? a???? ?a? ?d????? p?????? ?ata??te? ?a ap?s????? ta ???µata t??? ap? t?? e???????? t??pe?e?. ?????? ß???e?t?? a??µ? ?a? s?µe?a ??µ???ta? ?t? t?? ep??? t?? µa????? a?a???e?? ap? t?? t??pe?e?. ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ?µ?? ??? µ??? de? ?a??s????e? µe t?? d???se?? t??? a??? e??a? e?e??? ? ?d?a ep??? p?? d????e? «????µe ?eft? µ???? ta µ?sa ???????».
??sa se a?t? t? ???µa ? ts???? t?? ??????µ?a? a?a??????e? t? ??a s????? pa??t? µ?t??? µet? t? ????, ????? ?a sta?µ?se? t?? pa?????ta ?fes? p?? ???eµ??e? ta d?µ?s?a ?s?da, ste????e? t?? p???? ?e?st?t?ta?, ß????e? t?? a????, e?t??e?e? t?? a?e???a, f???e? se ap????s? t??pe?e?, ep??e???se?? ?a? p???te?.
? a?s??d???a ??a ep?st??f? st?? a?????
?a? e?? s?µßa????? a?t?, t? «st?ßa??» ?f?? t?? ?p?????? ??????µ???? e?a?t?e?ta? µ??? st?? ?a?a?????? Se?ß?a? ?a? t? ?????. G?at? ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ad??ate? ?a pe?se? t??? ????pa???? eta????? ?a? t??? p?st?t?? µa? ??a ?a??te???? ????? da?e?sµ??. ??a?aµß??e? st? e??te???? desµe?se?? p?? de? µp??e? ?a ???p???se?. ???µ? ?a? a? ? µ?a ??ta?t? e?sf??? a??????e? t?? ????, ap?t??esµa a?t?? t?? ?e???sµ?? ?ta? ??a µ?a a??µ? f??? ? ???? t?? ????pa??? eta???? t?? ?d?a ??a p?? ? ?. ?apa???sta?t???? ?s??????ta? ?t? ? ????da p?t??e ep? t?? ?µe??? t?? t? µe?a??te?? d?µ?s????µ??? p??sa?µ??? p?? ????e p?t?. T?µa ?????? ?ta? ??a t?? ?d?? ? ep?st??f? st?? a????? ?a? ? d??at?t?ta da?e?sµ?? t?? ???a?, p?? de? s???ß? ?µ?? p?t?.
? µ??? ?at? t?? f???d?af????
?? p?????? ????? t?? ?p?????? ??????µ???? ?at? t?? f???d?af???? de? ap?d?d???, ta f????????? ?s?da ?ata?????? ??? µ??? ??at? ? ??ß????s? ad??ate? ?a p??se? t? f???d?af??? a??? ?a? ??at? ? f???d?t??? ??a??t?ta t?? p???t?? ??e? e?a?t???e?. «? f???d?af??? e??a? ?????µa ?at? t?? ???a?», ??e? ?a? ?a?a??e? µe ???e e??a???a ? ?. ?apa???sta?t???? p?? a?a??????e? t?? d????sµ? st? ??s? t?? G?aµµat?a t?? S???, t?? ?????? ???t?, t??? a?te?sa??e??a, ???st?? ap? t?? ?p??es? t?? 17 ???µß??,
???? ???s?µ??? e?e????? µ??e? p?? ? s??e??as?a t?? ??ße???t???? ep?te?e??? ?ta? ep?ßeß??µ??? ?a? a?a??a?a pe??ss?te?? ap? p?t?, ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ??e? ap?fas?se? ?t? de? t?? ??e???eta? ? ?p??? ?a?e???. ???a? ????? µ?st??? ?t? µ???? t?? ?aµß??e? t?? ap?f?se??. ????? µ?st??? e??a? ep?s?? ?a? ?? ep???se?? p?? d????ta?, ap? t? ep????????a?? t?? ep?te?e??, ???? ?? ?p????p?? ?p?????? ??at? de? ?????? ?p?? ?a ?p?epe t? d???e?? t???. ? ???a «?p???e??eta?» st? ???µ???? ?a? p?fte? st? ???eµ?. ?a? ??p?? ?ts? ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ???eta? ? µ???a??? ?p?????? p?? ?a µe??e? st?? ?st???a ?? ? ?e???te??? ?p?????? t? ?e???te?? st??µ? ??a t?? ????da.
St?? a?as??µat?sµ? t?? 2011 ???eta? p???? ? ??a ?a ap?µa?????e? ap? t? ?p????e?? ??????µ???? ??a t? ?p????e?? ?e??ß?????t??, ??s? st?? ?p??a pa?aµ??e? ?a? µe p????p????? t?? ????? ?apad?µ?. St?? e?????? t?? 2012 ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t???? ?at???eta? ?p???f??? st?? ?tt??? de? ?ataf???e? ?µ?? ?a e??e?e?. ???µ? ?a? a? ?ta? ?p???f??? st?? ?????? epe?d???ta? st? ?????e?e?a?? ???µa «?apa???sta?t????» ?? p??a??t?te? t?? ?a e??e?e? ?ta? ?a? p??? e????ste? a? s???p?????se? ?a?e?? e?t?? ap? t?? e?afa??sµ??? d?µ?t???t?ta t?? ?t? ?a e??e s???p???f?? t?? ?s???? ??d?a t?? ??S?? ?. ????????p????.
?? s?µß????? ?a? ? ??µf??????
?????? µ??e? µet? t?? e?????? t?? 2012, ? ?. ?apa???sta?t???? f????e?????e st? af????µa µ?a? p???t???? ef?µe??da? ??a t??? ß???e?t?? p?? de? ?at?fe?a? ?a epa?e??e????. «?????µa? st? ???? t?? s?µß???e?t???? ?p??es??? se ????da ?a? e??te????, e?? s??e???? d?a???e?? se pa?ep?st?µ?a. ?p?s?? ???f? ??a ß?ß??? ??a t?? ??????µ??? ???s? ?a? t?? ep?µa?? pe???d? st? ???a µet? t? 2009» e??e d???se? t?te ? G?????? ?apa???sta?t????. ?a?e?? de? ?µa?e p???? a?a??t?se t?? s?µß????? st?? ?. ?apa???sta?t???? ?a? a? ap? t?? p??e?a t?? te?e?ta??? ?????? ap???µ?se eµpe???a ???s?µ?. ? ?d??? se s????te??? t?? t?? ???? t?? 2009 e??e d???se?: «? ??µf?????? -a? ??µ?µa? ?a??- e??e pe? p?? ? eµpe???a e??a? ??a? fa??? p?? ???ßa??µe st?? p??t? µa? ?a? f?t??e? t? d?ad??µ? p?? d?a??saµe, a??? e????sta t? d??µ? µp??st? µa?. ?p? t?? ?????a a?t?, ? s???t?s? ??a t? a? ?a a????aµe ??t? st? ??? µa? e??a? µ????? ?t?p?. ?e? µpa??? s??ep?? st?? ??p? ?a d?e??t??? a? ?p? t? f?? t?? t?????? µ?? eµpe???a? ?a e??a d?a???e? µ?a ???? d?ad??µ? st? ??? µ??. ???t? a? e??a a???????se? d?af??et??? d?ad??µ? de? ?a ?µ??? a?t?? p?? e?µa? t??a a??? ??t? ???? d?af??et???, µe ???e? eµpe???e? ?a? ?s?? ???e? ap??e??».
matrix24.gr
