Paper published:
The Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-hazard-of-two-level-synergism-of.html
S. A. Ostroumov
full text is available :
http://www.academia.edu/2449972/The_Hazard_of_a_Two-Level_Synergism_of_Synecological_Summation_of_Anthropogenic_Effects
The Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-hazard-of-two-level-synergism-of.html
S. A. Ostroumov
Ostroumov S. A. The Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects. - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 380, 2001, pp. 499–501.
full text is available :
http://www.academia.edu/2449972/The_Hazard_of_a_Two-Level_Synergism_of_Synecological_Summation_of_Anthropogenic_Effects
**
http://libra.msra.cn/Publication/48293675/the-hazard-of-a-two-level-synergism-of-synecological-summation-of-anthropogenic-effects
**
**
Translated into English from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 380, No. 6, 2001, pp. 847–849.
Abstract of the English paper: The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution with detergents as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. In the paper, the hazard was found that even relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect that will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). The bioeffects were described of the action of the synthetic detergent Vesna (1 mg/l) on the bivalve filter-feeders, oysters Crassostrea gigas, and the effects of the detergent IXI (10 mg/l) on the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, as well as the effects of the detergent Tide-Lemon (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis. The danger of the simultaneous influence of contamination of the environment (e.g., by detergents) on the organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce certain effects on both algae and the bivalves that are filter-feeders. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)]; DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085.
Abstract of the English paper: The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution with detergents as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. In the paper, the hazard was found that even relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect that will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). The bioeffects were described of the action of the synthetic detergent Vesna (1 mg/l) on the bivalve filter-feeders, oysters Crassostrea gigas, and the effects of the detergent IXI (10 mg/l) on the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, as well as the effects of the detergent Tide-Lemon (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis. The danger of the simultaneous influence of contamination of the environment (e.g., by detergents) on the organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce certain effects on both algae and the bivalves that are filter-feeders. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)]; DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085.
Key words: new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact, chemical pollution, synecological summation, synergistic, summation, anthropogenic, effects, adjacent, trophic levels, bivalves, algae, environmental, safety, synthetic, detergents, bioeffects, oysters, Crassostrea gigas, detergent IXI, mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, detergent Tide-Lemon, contamination, environment, pollutants, filter-feeders, water quality, bioassays, marine, ecosystems, man-made, effects, ecosystem, stability, applied, ecology, environmental sciences, environmental toxicology, aquatic, phytoplankton, regulation in ecosystems
Addendum. Some of more recent publications that were published later and confirm the main conclusions of the paper are given below.
Ostroumov S. A. Inhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication, algal blooms, and water self-purification // Hydrobiologia. 2002. vol. 469. P.117-129.
Ostroumov S. A. Polyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification: current conceptualizations and concluding remarks // Hydrobiologia. 2002. v. 469 (1-3): P.203-204.
Ostroumov SA. Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes of ecological remediation. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 385:377-379.
Ostroumov SA. System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the biodiversity of filter-feeders. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:147-150.
Ostroumov SA. A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagial-benthal coupling. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:127-130.
Ostroumov SA. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 382:18-21.
Ostroumov S. A. Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves // Hydrobiologia. 2003. Vol. 500. P. 341-344.
Ostroumov SA. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: towards a new system of principles and criteria for analysis of ecological hazards.- Riv. Biol. 2003; 96(1):159-169. Review. PMID: 12852181 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Ostroumov SA, Walz N, Rusche R. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers. - Dokl Biol Sci. (Doklady Biological Sciences) 2003; 390: 252-255.
Ostroumov S. A. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2004, Vol. 396, Numbers 1-6, p. 206-211.
Ostroumov S. A. Suspension-feeders as factors influencing water quality in aquatic ecosystems. - In: The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems, R.F. Dame, S. Olenin (Eds), Springer, Dordrecht, 2004. p. 147-164.
Ostroumov S. A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia, 2005. Vol. 542, No. 1. P. 275 – 286 .
Ostroumov S. A. On some issues of maintaining water quality and self-purification. - Water Resources. 2005, Volume 32, Number 3, p. 305-313.
Ostroumov S. A. On the multifunctional role of the biota in the self-purification of aquatic ecosystems // Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, p. 414–420.
Ostroumov S. A. Biomachinery for maintaining water quality and natural water self-purification in marine and estuarine systems: elements of a qualitative theory // International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography. 2006. Volume 1, No.1, p. 111-118. [ISSN 0973-2667]. Publisher: Research India Publications, Dehli]. Basic elements are formulated for a qualitative theory of the polyfunctional role of the biota in maintaining self-purification and water quality in aquatic ecosystems. The elements of the theory covers the following: (1) sources of energy for the mechanisms of self-purification; (2) the main functional blocks of the system of self-purification; (3) the list of the main processes that are involved; (4) analysis of the degree of participation of the main large taxa; (5) degree of reliability and the main mechanisms providing the reliability; (6) regulation of the processes; (7) the response of the system towards the external influences (man-made impacts); (8) the analogy between ecosystems and a bioreactor; and (9) conclusions relevant to the practice of biodiversity conservation. In support of the theory, results are given of the author's experiments which demonstrated the ability of some pollutants (surfactants, detergents, and some others) to inhibit the water filtration activity of marine filter-feeders (namely, the bivalve mollusks Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas).
Ostroumov S. A., J. Widdows. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three classes. // Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. Pages: 381 – 386. [Effects of the surfactants SDS, TDTMA, and Triton X-100 on the marine mussels M. edulis and M. edulis / M. galloprovincialis. Effects of three surfactants on the filtration rates by the marine mussels were studied. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a representative of a class of cationic surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulphate, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). All three surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. The significance of the results for the ecology of marine ecosystems is discussed]. http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/ Ostroumov S. A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. ISBN 0-8493-2526-9.
Ostroumov S. A. Biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: from the theory to ecotechnologies. - Ecologica, 2007. vol. 15 (50), p.15-23. (ISSN 0354-3285; Belgrade). Some basic elements of a new theory for the biological mechanism for water self-purification are presented. Hydrobionts (aquatic organisms) are actively involved in various processes leading to water purification. Not only microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi), but also algae, plants, invertebrates, and many other groups of organisms are involved, which is discussed and analyzed in the paper. Results of the author's experiments that study the effects of various pollutants on aquatic organisms (freshwater and marine bivalves) are given. The theory is an innovative basis for developing ecological technologies to clean water and to upgrade its quality by using organisms and ecosystems [http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-32850750015O].
Ostroumov S. A. Basics of the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and water self-purification.- Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 147-152.
Vorozhun I. M., S. A. Ostroumov. On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: effects of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009, Vol. 425, p. 133– 134. The
additional references of some relevant publications see: http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/ http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs374p514bioreactor/ http://sites.google.com/site/bioeffectsofsurfactants/ http://sites.google.com/site/surfactantinhibitfilterfeed02/ http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/ http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/ http://sites.google.com/site/bioticupgradewaterquality2008/ http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/ http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsineng/ http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsruen/ http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-that-cited-saostroumov http://sites.google.com/site/biosphereostroumov/home http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/home http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/list-of-publications-by-sa-ostroumov http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/ World-wide and international citing of the publications authored and co-authored by Dr. S.A. Ostroumov, some examples: http://www.scribd.com/doc/50443283/Table-WorldWideCiting-March10; Citations of the publications authored and co-authored by Dr. S.A. Ostroumov: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3380_Ecology_biology_life_sciences_Bibliography;
**
DOI: 10.1023/A:1012348127085;
**
**
ADDENDUM. Most relevant sites:
Relevant, related, similar papers, scientific results: with sites of the full texts free, selected:
**
Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea gigas, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Synechococcus, Fagopyrum esculentum, Oryza sativa, 25 articles published: http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/10/mytilus-edulis-crassostrea-gigas.html
**
Top of top. Environmental Science: blog posts
**
25 Top Innovations on Water Safety, Ecology. Selected, Indexed by Web of Science. Publications, With Comments on What is New. Publications with DOI; http://www.scribd.com/doc/104782038
**
Water quality and self-purification. Innovative paper of 2010, the reference and the site with the full text available online free.
Addendum: summaries of 25 related publications on environmental sciences.
Addendum: summaries of 25 related publications on environmental sciences.
**
Environment, ecology: 18 innovations, other files online. Innovative conceptualization: ecosystems; water quality et al. http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/10/environment-ecology18-innovations-other.html
**
Updated: 31 Top Publications (life science, ecology, environmental science, water science, biology: innovations, new facts, new ideas). On Springer Internet service.
**
World-wide and international citing of the publications authored by a Fulbright Award winner, scientist at Moscow University, some examples. http://www.scribd.com/doc/50443283/
**
· KEY WORDS: aquaculture, shellfish, oysters, Crassostrea gigas, surfactants, detergents, filtering activity, mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, xenobiotics, pollutants, bivalves, mollusks, hazard, assessment, environmental, hazards, marine ecosystems, laundry detergents, dish washing liquids, pollutants, pollution, bioassay, water quality, self-purification, estuary, marine ecology, marine, biology, aquatic, toxicology, sodium dodecylsulphate, SDS, cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TDTMA, Animals, pharmacology, Feeding Behavior, physiology, Marine Biology, methods, Mollusca, Ostreidae, Surface-Active Agents, environmental safety, water safety, ecosystem health, pollution control, water purification,