Environmental sci., Sites 11/25/2010 - 12/25/2010

Environmental sci.,
Sites 11/25/2010 -  12/25/2010

http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/environmental-sci-sites-11252010.html

pollution, water, aquatic, macrophyte, Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, aquatic, nanoparticles,  biochemical ecology, filter-feeders, citation,

  • Korean
    http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6776_EnvironmentEcologyMaterialsinKorean;
    http://www.scribd.com/doc/45897359; 어떤 서류와 자료 (생태, 환경) 온라인 무료 [참조 : http://www.scribd.com/ 또는 http://www.scribd.com] 사용할 수 있습니다 : 위에서 언급한되었습니다 재료의 시리즈 키워드 : 생 태, ecotoxicology, assimilative 용량, 지속 가능성, 물, 품질, 필터링, 필터 - 모이통, 자기 정화, 여과, 환경 오염, 세제, 컨트롤, bioassay, 환경, 위험, 수산, 생태계, 호소학, 해양학, 동물학, 어류학, 식물학 , 미생물학, 환경 과학, S.A.Ostroumov, 효과, 계면 활성제, 수산물, macrophytes, Potamogeton, crispus, 농도, 분열, 식물, 부정, 환경 오염, 세제, phytoremediation, chemico - biotic 상호 작용, 수질, 나트륨 dodecyl의 황산염, SDS, phytotechnology , 계면 활성제는 세제, bivalves는 Mytilus는 edulis는 galloprovincialis는 Crassostrea는 gigas가, 공장, 모종은 Fagopyrum는 esulentum은 Oryza, sativa 로구나, assimilative 용량, 지속 가능성, 물, 품질,,, 필터 - 모이통, 자기 정화, 여과 필터링 오염, 세제, 제어, bioassay, 환경, 위험, 수산, 생태계, Sinapis는 알바가, Lepidium은 sativum, 다른 사람, 무척추 동물, 연체 동물류, Mytilus는 Crassostrea, Unio, Hirudo의 medicinalis, 자기 정화, 수질, 물 시체를 annelids 저수지, 시냇물, 오염 물질, 오염 물질, ecotoxicology, 담수, 해양, 환경 안전, 환경 안전, 물, xenobiotics, biota, 물, 생태계의 기능, 수계, 지역 사회, 지속 가능한 사용, 자원, 환경 경영의 polyfunctional 역할의 소스 인간의 영향 , 물의 정화, 생태계의 서비스, 생물 학적 이론, 응용, 신뢰성, 외부의 영향에 대한 잠재적; anthropogenic, 인간이 만든 효과, 환경 정책, 새로운 실험 결과, 카드뮴, 연체 동물류, 부영 양화, 새로운 개념,이 수준의 시너지 효과, 환경 chemoregulators, 환경 chemomediators, 위험, biota 손상, 경제적 평가, anthropogenic 충격에 의해 손상, 물 보호 정권, 특별 보호 지역, 미생물, 수생, 식물, 무척추 동물, 정화 물, 영양분, 컨트롤의 기능과 생물 반응기의 아날로그 식물성 플랑크톤, 소비자, 영양 수준, 생물, 페로몬, 레귤레이터, 이종 간의 상호 작용, 바이올렛의 intraspecific 상호 작용 Vernadsky, 생물권, 문제, 규정, geochemical 프로세스, 문제의 양도, biogenic 마이 그 레이션, 조직 잔류물, 독성, 필드, 설문 조사, 퇴적물의 품질, 생태 리스크 평가, 내분비 disrupters, 나노 입자, 팝, PCBS, PAHS, 의약품, 개인 관리 제품; 추적, 금속, 농약, 생체, 선박 도료, biocides, 자갈, 물, 치료, 기름, 유출, 하수, 질환, 이상, 공해, 오염 물질, xenobiotics는 ecotoxicology는 독극물은 생물 학적 효과, bioassay, biotesting, 20 키 단어 ; 자기 정화는, 수질, 물 기관, 저수지,,, 오염 물질, 오염 물질, ecotoxicology, 담수, 해양, 환경 안전, 물, xenobiotics, 생태계, 수계, 지역 사회의 소스, 지속 가능한 사용, 자원, 환경 관리를 스트림
    Public Research 470 12 / 25 / 2010
  • Danish
    Ecology Environment; in Danish. Dr. Sergei Ostroumov http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6771_Ecology_Environment_in_Danish; List of materials (Ecology, Environment); in Danish. Nogle papirer og materialer (økologi, miljø), der er tilgængelige online gratis : http://www.scribd.com/doc/45895284; Nøgleord for den række af materialer, der var mentioed ovenfor: økologi, økotoksikologi, assimilativ kapacitet, bæredygtighed, vand, kvalitet, filtrering, filter-feeder, selv-rensning, filtrering, forurening, rengøringsmidler, kontrol, bioassay, miljømæssige, farer, akvatiske, økosystemer, Limnology, oceanografi, zoologi, ichthyology, botanik , mikrobiologi, miljøvidenskab, les fornyelser et les priorités en matière d'écologie, l'environnement, les écosystèmes, les effets d'origine humaine, qualité de l'eau, Lutte contre la forurening, les essais biologiques, l'évaluation des farer des stoffer chimiques, notamment les vaskemidler, tensioactifs, la sécurité environnementale, la durabilité, tjenester ligger aux écosystèmes, la biosfæren, teknologier écologiques, la fytoremediering, les liens entre l'écologie et la biogéochimie, SAOstroumov, Innovationen, Prioritäten, Bereichen , Umwelt, Menschen, verursachte, Effekte, Wasserqualität, Kontrolle, Umweltverschmutzung, Tierversuche, Bewertung, Gefahren, Chemikalien, insbesondere Wasch-, tensid, Umweltsicherheit, Nachhaltigkeit, Ökosystem, Services, Biosphäre, Ökologische, Technologien, fytoremediering, Verbindungen, Ökologie, Biogeochemie , effekter, et tensid, der lever i vand, makrofyter, Potamogeton, crispus, fusioner, fragmentering, planter, negativ, forurening, rengøringsmidler, fytoremediering, kemisk-biotiske interaktioner, vandkvalitet, natrium dodecyl sulfat, SDS, phytotechnology, overfladeaktive stoffer, detergenter, muslinger, Mytilus , edulis, galloprovincialis, Crassostrea, gigas, plante, planter, Fagopyrum, esulentum, Oryza, sativa, детергенты, моющие средства, поверхностно-активные вещества, ПАВ, методы, организмы, assimilativ kapacitet, bæredygtighed, vand, kvalitet, filtrering, filter- foderautomater, self-rensning, filtrering, forurening, rengøringsmidler, kontrol, bioassay, miljømæssige, farer, akvatiske, økosystemer, Sinapis, alba, Lepidium, sativum, andre hvirvelløse dyr, bløddyr, Mytilus, Crassostrea, Unio, annelids Hirudo medicinalis, selv- rensning, vandkvalitet, vandområder, reservoirer, vandløb, forurenende stoffer, forurening, økotoksikologi, ferskvand, marine, miljøsikkerhed, miljømæssige sikkerhed, vandkilder, miljøfremmede stoffer, Polyfunktionelle rolle biota, vand, hvorpå økosystemerne fungerer, hydrosfæren, samfund, bæredygtig udnyttelse , ressourcer, miljøforvaltning, menneskelig påvirkning, potentiale for vandrensning, økosystemets ydelser, biologiske teori, anvendelse, pålidelighed, ydre påvirkninger, menneskeskabte, syntetiske effekter, miljømæssige praksis, nye eksperimentelle resultater, cadmium, bløddyr, eutrofiering, nyt koncept, to niveauer synergier, miljømæssige chemoregulators, miljø chemomediators, farer, skader på flora og fauna, økonomisk evaluering, skade ved de menneskeskabte virkninger, vandbeskyttelse ordning, særlige beskyttede områder, mikroorganismer, vand, planter, hvirvelløse dyr, en analog af bioreaktor med funktionen til at rense vand, næringsstoffer, kontrol af planteplankton, forbrugere, trofisk niveau, intraspecifikke samspillet mellem organismer, feromoner, lovgivere, interspecifikke interaktioner, VI Vernadsky, biosfæren, materie, regulering, geokemiske processer, overførsel af stof, biogene migration, væv restprodukter toksicitet; område; undersøgelser sediment kvalitet, økologisk risikovurdering hormonforstyrrende stoffer, nano partikler, POPS, PCB PAH'er; lægemidler; personlig pleje produkter, spore, metaller, pesticider, biomarkører, marine-lakker biocider ballast, vand, behandling, olie, pletter, spildevand, sygdomme, misdannelser, forurenende stoffer, forureninger, miljøfremmede stoffer, økotoksi
    Public Research 226 12 / 25 / 2010
  • Swedish
    http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6796_Ecology_Environment_inSwedish; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45894414;
    Några papper och material (ekologi, miljö) som finns tillgängliga online gratis [se: http://www.scribd.com/ eller http://www.scribd.com]:
    Public Research 208 12 / 25 / 2010
  • Spanish
    Ecología, Medio Ambiente: to whose who speak Spanish. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45894204; http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6767_Ecologia_Medio_AmbienteSpanish; Algunos documentos y materiales (Ecología, Medio Ambiente) que están disponibles en línea gratuitos [ver: http://www.scribd.com/ o http://www.scribd.com]:
    Public Research 168 12 / 25 / 2010
  • Text.vol.15[2010]
    Text of the volume: Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V., Toderas I.K., Gorshkova O.M. (Eds.) Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2010, vol.15; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45765589; Materials in 2 languages, English and Russian; Key words: ECOLOGICAL STUDIES, HAZARDS, SOLUTIONS, Editorial Board, Vol. 15, ECOLOGY, INNOVATIONS, Proceedings, 11th, scientific, conference, poster session, Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations,-11, ЭКОЛОГИЯ: ИННОВАЦИИ, Труды, 11-й, научной конференции, экосистемы, организмы, инновации,-11, сессия стендовых сообщений, Moscow, MAX Press, 2010, Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. Volume 15. Proceedings of the scientific conference ‘Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations – 11’, (June 24, 2009, Moscow), and other materials. Moscow, MAX Press, 2010. – 120 p. Volume 15 of the series includes the proceedings of the 11th conference ‘Aquatic Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-11’ that took place at Moscow State University, 24 June 2009, and some other scientific and educational materials. The materials cover freshwater and marine ecosystems and organisms. The authors represent various departments of Moscow State University and other institutions and universities of Russia, Moldova, Ukraine, the U.S.A., and other countries. The proceedings are of interest to scholars in the fields of ecology, limnology, oceanography, zoology, ichthyology, botany, microbiology, environmental science, as well as to university professors and educators. The names of new awardees of the honorary title Aquatic Ecologist of Year is published. ISBN 978-5-317-03210-4 ; Инновации: экология: Науч. конф. «Экосистемы, организмы, инновации- 11». Москва, 24 июня 2009 г.: Труды и другие материалы / Отв. ред. С.А. Остроумов, С.В.Котелевцев, И.К.Тодераш, О.М.Горшкова. - М.: МАКС Пресс, 2010. - 120 с. (Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. Volume 15). ISBN 978-5-317-03210-4 Cборник содержит труды одинадцатой конференции “Экосистемы, организмы, инновации-11”, которая прошла 24 июня 2009 г. в Московском университете, и другие научные и учебно-методические материалы. Тематика материалов, представленных в сборнике, охватывает пресноводные и морские экосистемы и организмы. Акцентируются научные инновации, важные и перспективные для решения практических проблем, для экономического роста, для экологической безопасности. Авторы представленных работ - сотрудники различных кафедр и факультетов МГУ, ученые других университетов и институтов России, США, Молдовы, Украины и других стран. Сборник представляет интерес для специалистов в области экологии, гидробиологии, океанологии, зоологии, ихтиологии, ботаники, микробиологии, охраны окружающей среды, а также для преподавателей высшей школы. УДК 574 ББК 28.080:28.082 The First pages of the volume, with editorial board, and abstract – see another file
    Public Research 3009 12 / 22 / 2010
  • FirstPages1-2-3-4.vol.15.2010.conf.11of2009[1]
    ECOLOGICAL STUDIES, HAZARDS, SOLUTIONS, the first pages and editorial board of the volume; первые страницы сборника трудов.Vol. 15; ECOLOGY: INNOVATIONS; including proceedings of the 11th scientific conference Aquatic Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-11; ЭКОЛОГИЯ: ИННОВАЦИИ; включая труды 11-й научной конференции Водные экосистемы, организмы, инновации-11; и другие материалы; Moscow; MAX Press;2010,
    Public : None 335 12 / 22 / 2010
  • List.posts.blog.InFrench.dec19.2010[1]
    List of the posts, the blog of Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov at ResearchGAte; Translation into French: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6238_listofBlogsEcology; http://www.portalus.ru/modules/biology/rus_readme.php?subaction=showfull&id=1292797433&archive=&start_from=&ucat=&; https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FoBgbxVWAfNu1a_3xWGEkURghogdtQg9axBDd5GYhKY/edit?hl=en#; • Http://www.scribd.com/doc/44629443; author’s site: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/ Liste des blogs au profil personnel, à la ResearchGATE portail. Les thèmes des blogs: les innovations et les priorités en matière d'écologie, l'environnement, les écosystèmes, les effets d'origine humaine, qualité de l'eau, lutte contre la pollution, les essais biologiques, l'évaluation des dangers des substances chimiques, notamment les détergents, tensioactifs, la sécurité environnementale, la durabilité, services liés aux écosystèmes, la biosphère, technologies écologiques, la phytoremédiation, les liens entre l'écologie et la biogéochimie,
    Public Research 159 12 / 21 / 2010
  • List.posts.blog.InGerman.+Dec19.2010[1]
    List of posts, the personal blog of Dr. Sergei Ostroumov, in German: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GXLgHCAwFCxuFVAtjgf4f1hoMpeRr_rNZtJCMgVtsJc/edit?hl=en http://www.portalus.ru/modules/biology/rus_readme.php?subaction=showfull&id=1292785289&archive=&start_from=&ucat=&; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45764372; Original text: The list in English http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/6238_listofBlogsEcology; • Http://www.scribd.com/doc/44629443; Posts, Blogs, persönliche, Profil, Portal, ResearchGATE, S.A.Ostroumov, Innovationen, Prioritäten, Bereichen, Umwelt, Menschen, verursachte, Effekte, Wasserqualität, Kontrolle, Umweltverschmutzung, Tierversuche, Bewertung, Gefahren, Chemikalien, insbesondere Wasch-, Tenside, Umweltsicherheit, Nachhaltigkeit, Ökosystem, Services, Biosphäre, ökologische, Technologien, Phytoremediation, Verbindungen, Ökologie, Biogeochemie,
    Public Research 136 12 / 21 / 2010
  • 10DBS.Au.C.demersum.E.(DKBL124   http://www.scribd.com/doc/45579375/
    S. A. Ostroumov and G. M. Kolesov. The Aquatic Macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum Immobilizes Au Nanoparticles after Their Addition to Water. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2010, Vol. 431, pp. 124–127. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010. ISSN 00124966; Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45579375; Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, G.M. Kolesov, 2010, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2010, Vol. 431, No. 4, pp. 566–569. DOI: 10.1134/S0012496610020158; Presented by Academician M.A. Fedonkin July 31, 2009; ABSTRACT: Study of biogenic migration of the chemical elements is an important line of the biosphere research [1–8]. Biogenic migration of the elements in aquatic ecosystems, both freshwater and saltwater ones, is important for water self purification and water quality formation [9–11]. Data on element accumulation and binding by aquatic organisms, including macrophytes, are necessary for analyzing the organisms’ important role in biogenic migration of the elements in aquatic ecosystems. The concentrations of some elements were deter mined earlier in different biogenic samples, including aquatic organisms (hydrobionts) and biogenic detrital substances [9, 10]. However, these data were based on a limited set of organisms and elements. There are no published data on either gold (Au) content in Ceratophyllum demer sum L. or interaction between Au nanoparticles and aquatic macrophytes. The goal of this work was to study the immobilization of Au nanoparticles added to the water medium of microcosms in the presence of macrophyte C. demersum L. This study was the first to determine the concentration of Au and some other elements in C. demersum phytomass after incubation in microcosms containing Au nanosize particles (NSPs). Results of the experiments: (1) the first data have been obtained that demonstrate that a significant amount of Au NSPs may bind to live phytomass of an aquatic plant, C. demersum. As a result of binding and/or immobilization, the content of Au was greater then the background level by a factor of 430.3; (2) modification of NSPs with a protein (immunoglobulin) had no effect on the NSP immobilization by macrophytes. The results contribute to understanding the role of these organisms in biogenic migration of elements. These data give us the possibility to estimate the participation of phytomass of the studied macrophyte species in element concentration (as exemplified by Au) in an aquatic system. REFERENCES: 1. Vernadsky, V.I., Khimicheskoe stroenie biosfery Zemli i ee okruzheniya (The Chemical Structure of the Earth Bio sphere and Its Surrondings), Moscow: Nauka, 1965. 2. Dobrovol’skii, G.V., Ekol. Khimiya, 2007, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 135–143. 3. Dobrovol’skii, G.V., Voda Tekhnol. Ekol., 2007, no. 1, pp. 63–68. 4. Perel’man, A.I. and Kasimov, N.S., Geokhimiya land shafta (Geochemistry of Landscape), Moscow: Astreya, 2000. 5. Ivanter, E.V. and Medvedev, N.V., Ekologicheskaya tok sikologiya prirodnykh populyatsii (Ecological Toxicol ogy of natural Populations), Moscow: Nauka, 2007. 6. Ermakov, V.V. and Tyutikov, S.F., Geokhimicheskaya ekologiya zhivotnykh (Geochemical Ecology of Ani mals), Moscow: Nauka, 2008. 7. Korzh, V.D., Geokhimiya elementnogo sostava gidrosfery (Geochemistry of the Element Composition of the Hydrosphere), Moscow: Nauka, 1991. 8. Donchenko, V.K., Ivanova, V.V., and Pitul’ko, V.M., Ekologo khimicheskie osobennosti pribrezhnykh akva torii (Ecological and Chemical Characteristics of Lit toral Areas), St. Petersburg: NITsEB Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2008, vol. 544. 9. Ostroumov, S.A., Hydrobiologia, 2005, vol. 542, pp. 275–286. 10. Ostroumov, S.A., Hydrobiologia, 2002, vol. 469, pp. 203–204. 11. Ostroumov, S.A., Kolesov, G.M., and Sapozhnikov, D.Yu., Problemy ekologii i gidrobiologii (Problems of Ecology and Hydrobiology), Moscow: MAKS, 2008. 12. Byzov
    Public Research 246 12 / 18 / 2010
  • S. A. Ostroumov. On the Multifunctional Role of the Biota in the Self-Purification of Aquatic Ecosystems. - Russian Journal of Ecology.5.RJE.on.the.multifunctional.fulltex
    S. A. Ostroumov. On the Multifunctional Role of the Biota in the Self-Purification of Aquatic Ecosystems. - Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, pp. 414–420. DOI: 10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x; S. A. Ostroumov. [http://www.scribd.com/doc/45572968] (Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia) Abstract: The study of water self-purification processes (Skurlatov, 1988; Ostroumov, 2000a) is essential for approaching fundamental ecological problems (Alimov, 2000; Ostroumov et al., 2003) and for resolving some applied issues related to the sustainable use of aquatic and biological resources. The purpose of this paper is to give a systematic account of the concepts concerning the multiple functions of the biota in the self-purification of water bodies and watercourses, without attempting to review the numerous publications in this field. In this paper, a paradigm shift was made and some new principles of the theory of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification based on multiple functions of the biota in freshwater and marine ecosystems were formulated. In developing this theory, the results of the author’s experiments with aquatic organisms (filter-feeders) have been used. As a result, the author discovered that the natural ecological mechanism which maintains water quality (water self-purification mechanism) is vulnerable to the impact of some pollutants as exemplified by synthetic detergents and surfactants. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the theory have practical significance for biodiversity conservation and for the sustainable use of the biological resources of aquatic ecosystems. 1067-4136/05/3606-0414 © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2005, pp. 414–420. DOI: 10.1007/s11184-005-0095-x; Translated from Ekologiya, No. 6, 2005, pp. 452–459. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ostroumov. The English edition of the paper is available on SprigerLink: www.springerlink.com/index/Y6370W774LK7G786.pdf; Key words : aquatic, ecosystems, water quality, water, self-purification, pollution, paradigm shift, surfactants, detergents, sustainability, environment, filter-feeders, invertebrates, bivalves, freshwater, marine, resources, bioassay, hazards, RELATED PUBLICATIONS: • Journal Article Inhibition of Mussel Suspension Feeding by Surfactants of Three Classes. S. A. Ostroumov and J. Widdows. Hydrobiologia, 2006, Volume 556, Number 1, Pages 381-386. o Download PDF (173.5 KB) Journal ArticleInhibition of Mussel Suspension Feeding by Surfactants of Three Classes. S. A. Ostroumov. • Journal Article Polyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification: current conceptualizations and concluding remarks. S.A. Ostroumov Hydrobiologia, 2002, Volume 469, Numbers 1-3, Pages 203-204 o Download PDF (36.1 KB) Journal ArticlePolyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification: current conceptualizations and concluding remarks. S.A. Ostroumov • Journal Article Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves S. A. Ostroumov Hydrobiologia, 2003, Volume 500, Numbers 1-3, Pages 341-344 o Download PDF (51.6 KB) Journal ArticleStudying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves. S. A. Ostroumov • Journal Article Inhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication, algal blooms, and water self-purification S.A. Ostroumov Hydrobiologia, 2002, Volume 469, Numbers 1-3, Pages 117-129 o Download PDF (120.6 KB) Journal ArticleInhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication, algal blooms, and water self-purification. S.A. Ostroumov • Journal Article On Some Issues of Maintaining Water Quality and Self-Purification S. A. Ostroumov Water Resources, 2005, Volume 32, Number 3, Pages 305-313
    Public Research 805 12 / 18 / 2010
  • 7.Tolerance.mubsSB.solom
    E. A. Solomonova and S. A. Ostroumov. Tolerance of an Aquatic Macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L.to Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate. Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2007, Vol. 62, No. 4, p. 176–179. DOI: 10.3103/S0096392507040074; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45556848; Abstract: Macrophytes are important components of ecosystems and participate in the purification of water, which contributes to the sustainability of water quality. This is especially important in conditions of pollution of water bodies and water streams. Surfactants constitute an important class of pollutants. Therefore, further investigation and clarification of the facts concerning the interaction of plants and various surfactants are necessary. The present paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of various concentrations of aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the viability of the aquatic macrophytes, the pondweed Potamogeton crispus L. When the effects of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate on the aquatic macrophytes Potamogeton crispus L. were studied, it was found that the concentrations of 83–133 mg/l caused fragmentation of the stems of plants. The tolerance of the plants to the negative effects of the surfactant was higher in the spring (April) than in the autumn (September). DOI:10.3103/S0096392507040074; Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, 2007, Vol. 62, No. 4, p. 176–179. ISSN 0096-3925, © Allerton Press, Inc., 2007. Available at SpringerLink; Original Russian Text © E.A. Solomonova, S.A. Ostroumov, 2007, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Biologiya, 2007, No. 4, pp. 39–42. Keywords: effects, surfactant, aquatic, macrophytes, Potamogeton, crispus, Concentrations, fragmentation, stems, plants, negative, pollution, detergents, phytoremediation, chemico-biotic interactions, water quality, sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, phytotechnology
    Public Research 360 12 / 18 / 2010
  • Contents.proceedings.conf.2010http://www.scribd.com/doc/45112839/
    CONTENTS of the volume which includes proceedings of the poster session (conference) ‘Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-12’, and some additional materials (site for the text of the volume: http://www.scribd.com/doc/44530305); The reference for the volume is: Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V., Toderas I.K., Gorshkova O.M. (Eds.) Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2010, vol.16.
    Public Research 874 12 / 12 / 2010
  • Reviews.evaluations.ofbooks.bys.Ostroumov Published Reviews and Evaluations (of the books authored and co-authored by Dr. S.A.Ostroumov): http://www.scribd.com/doc/45111401/
    Published Reviews and Evaluations (of the books authored and co-authored by Dr. S.A.Ostroumov): (updated: 2011, Jan) key words: Biology, books, Life, environment, Quality, achievement, recognition, evidence, comments, assessment, sciences, Publications, Conservation, ecology, reviews, evaluations, Published, Authored, merits, s.a.ostroumov
    Public Research 808 12 / 11 / 2010
  • Poster.session.call2for.abstracts
    Meeting Announcement and Call for Abstracts: 14th International Poster Session 'Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-14' 12 February 2011; Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; http://www.scribd.com/doc/44668962; TOPICS: Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences, GeoSciences, Chemical Science, Agricultural Science, Biotechnology, Education, Other. ORGANIZERS: International organizing committee, including scientists and representatives of U.S. universities (U.S.A.), Moscow State University (Russian Federation), scientific institutions of Germany, EcoEthics International Union (EEIU), and other national and international scientific organizations; the permanent organizing committee started in 1999, organized over 10 previous conferences of this series. Distant participation is possible. In case of distant participation, there is no need to attend in person, which saves your time and money. You can send your poster by paper mail. The organizing committee will show your poster on your behalf. At the previous conferences, many distant participants from countries as different as (in alphabetic order) Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Moldova, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Tunisia, U.K., Ukraine, U.S.A., and many others did so. All participants will receive the certificates of participation in the session, on request. The abstracts will be published in the volume: Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, Vol. 17, with international editorial and advisory boards that include scholars from 32 countries. This edition is indexed by international Ulrich's database for serial reviewed editions. DEADLINES: Deadline (registration, sending abstract) is January 15, 2011. We will accept your abstract after the deadline with additional fee of $10 for late registration. We welcome a preliminary letter of intention from you ASAP, without any commitment from your side. Abstract format: up to 2/3 of page A4, or less. It is possible to include 1-4 references to your publications, and to mention some grant support, if any. Poster submission deadline (if sent by paper mail): the posters must be sent prior to January 15, 2011. FEES in U.S. dollars: $49 (both for attendees and non-attendees) and $29 for students (both attendees and non-attendees). The address for sending your fees (PLEASE send to Dr. D.Page an email mssg BEFORE you send your payment): David S. Page, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; Email: dpage@bowdoin.edu; http://academic.bowdoin.edu/faculty/D/dpage/; http://www.dspage.com; COVERAGE OF THE CONFERENCE BY MASS MEDIA: The conference is regularly covered by several editions, including journals and newspapers. Some examples are given in a separate file, see at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/701_How_the_series_of_conferences_Ecosystems_Organisms_Innovations_was_covered_by_mass_media; CONTACT INFORMATION: Dr. S. Ostroumov, ar55@yandex.ru; Prof. Baoshan Xing, bx@pssci.umass.edu; Department of Plant, Soil & Insect Sciences, Stockbridge Hall, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA 01003-0910, U.S.A.; http://www.researchgate.net/event/International_Poster_Session_Ecosystems_Organisms_Innovations-14_Amherst_MA_USA/;
    Public Research 1622 12 / 05 / 2010
  • Big.list.of.blogs
    List of blogs at the personal profile, at the portal ResearchGAte. The topics of the blogs: innovations and priorities in ecology, environment, ecosystems, man-made effects, water quality, pollution control, bioassays, assessment of hazards of chemicals, especially detergents, surfactants, environmental safety, sustainability, ecosystem’s services, biosphere, ecological technologies, phytoremediation, links between ecology and biogeochemistry,
    Public Research 295 12 / 04 / 2010
  • Chapter2.Text.russianhttp://www.scribd.com/doc/44592969/
    S.A.Ostroumov (Остроумов С.А.) Chapter 2 of the book ‘Biological effects of surfactants on organisms’, published in Russian by S.A.Ostroumov (MAX Press, Moscow, 2001; 334 pages in toto). 2010; (published) Book: Biological effects of surfactants on organisms. Chapter 2. Organisms and methods. Author: S.A.Ostroumov / Остроумов С.А. Биологические эффекты при воздействии поверхностно-активных веществ на организм (М., МАКС-Пресс, 2001). Глава 2. Организмы и методы. Ниже дается текст Главы 2 из книги «Биологические эффекты при воздействии поверхностно-активных веществ на организм» (Москва, МАКС-Пресс, 2001, 334 c. [это общее число страниц в книге], автор книги С.А.Остроумов. Книга опубликована на русском языке издательством МАКС-Пресс, Москва; in Russian language). В книге эта глава занимает страницы 37-56. Key words: surfactants, detergents, bivalves, Mytilus, edulis, galloprovincialis, Crassostrea, gigas, plant, seedlings, Fagopyrum, esulentum, Oryza, sativa, детергенты, моющие средства, поверхностно-активные вещества, ПАВ, методы, организмы
    Public Research 648 12 / 03 / 2010
  • Blogcall for Abstracts
    CALL FOR ABSTRACTS: New poster session: ‘Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-14’, February 12, 2011; will take place in Amherst, MA, USA; http://www.scribd.com/doc/44531871; details as at the previous conferences; no sponsorship, no travel grants are available; distance participation is possible: in this case you send your poster by paper mail. SITE FOR THE CONFERENCE: http://www.researchgate.net/event/International_Poster_Session_Ecosystems_Organisms_Innovations-14_Amherst_MA_USA/; ----------THE VOLUME WHICH INCLUDES The PROCEEDINGS OF ONE OF THE PREVIOUS POSTER SESSIONS (conferences), ‘Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-12’, and some additional materials in English and Russian: http://www.scribd.com/doc/44530305; -----------The reference for the volume is: Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V., Toderas I.K., Gorshkova O.M. (Eds.) Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2010, vol.16. The table of contents see at the end of the file. CONTACT: sergei@psis.umass.edu
    Public Research 27 12 / 02 / 2010
  • Proceedings.conference2010
    This is the text of the volume which includes proceedings of the poster session (conference) ‘Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations-12’, and some additional materials in English and Russian. http://www.scribd.com/doc/44530305; The reference for the volume is: Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V., Toderas I.K., Gorshkova O.M. (Eds.) Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2010, vol.16. The table of contents see at the end of the file. Materials in English see Pages 5-16.
    Public Research 1558 12 / 02 / 2010
  • nnano.2009
    John L. Ferry 1,2, Preston Craig 1, Cole Hexel 1, Patrick Sisco 1, Rebecca Frey 1, Paul L. Pennington 3, Michael H. Fulton 3, I. Geoff Scott 3, Alan W. Decho 2,4, Shosaku Kashiwada 2,4, Catherine J. Murphy 1,2 & Timothy J. Shaw 1,2 Abstract:Within the next five years the manufacture of large quantities of nanomaterials may lead to unintended contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems1. The unique physical, chemical and electronic properties of nanomaterials allow new modes of interaction with environmental systems that can have unexpected impacts2, 3. Here, we show that gold nanorods can readily pass from the water column to the marine food web in three laboratory-constructed estuarine mesocosms containing sea water, sediment, sea grass, microbes, biofilms, snails, clams, shrimp and fish. A single dose of gold nanorods (65 nm length 15 nm diameter) was added to each mesocosm and their distribution in the aqueous and sediment phases monitored over 12 days. Nanorods partitioned between biofilms, sediments, plants, animals and sea water with a recovery of 84.4%. Clams and biofilms accumulated the most nanoparticles on a per mass basis, suggesting that gold nanorods can readily pass from the water column to the marine food web.
    Public Research 141 12 / 01 / 2010
  • Warren 95 Full Text
    Geochemical partitioning and bioavailability of copper to aquatic plants in an artificial oxide-organic sediment.- Hydrobiologia, 304: 197-207, 1995. L. A. Warren I , E M. Outridge 2 & A. R Zimmerman 1 I Department ofZoolog3; UniversiO, of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A 1, Canada 2Environmental and Resource Studies Program, Trent UniversiO; Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada; Key words." copper, bioavailability, toxicity, sediments, partitioning, macrophytes; Abstract: This study investigated the effects of competition between binding substrates (organic matter and iron oxide) and between metals (cadmium and copper), on the partitioning of sedimentary copper and its subsequent bioavailability to an aquatic plant. Organic matter and a synthesized iron oxide, ferrihydrite, were added singly and in combination to a series of sand sediments, which were then dosed with environmentally realistic concentrations of cadmium and copper and planted with rice, O0'za sativa. Organic matter controlled copper partitioning and bioavailability, whereas the synthetic ferrihydrite bound negligible amounts of either metal, even in the absence of organic matter. As organic matter concentrations increased, operationally-defined leachable copper decreased, organic-associated copper increased and the survival of rice plants improved in an approximately linear fashion. At a nominal starting copper concentration of 5.8 F~g g dry wt -I , plant survival after four weeks averaged 0-8% in sediments without organic matter, 25% in a sediment containing 0.18% organic matter and 58% in a sediment containing 0.36% organic matter. These results suggest that organic-associated forms of copper are unavailable to plants, and that the operational definition of 'leachable' copper (extracted with dilute ammonium acetate) adequately represents the species of copper that is (are) available to plants. Our study using a well-characterized artificial sediment supports the copper fractionation patterns and correlations between copper partitioning and bioavailability reported from the heterogeneous, poorly characterized sediments of natural lake and river sediments.
    Public Research 130 12 / 01 / 2010
  • 2008-05-13
    Journal of Environmental Monitoring www.rsc.org/jem Volume 10 | Number 6 | June 2008 | Pages 685–784 www.rsc.org/jem | Journal of Environmental Monitoring Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of manufactured iron oxide nanoparticles by pumpkin plants Hao Zhu,a Jie Han,b John Q. Xiaoa and Yan Jin*b Received 9th April 2008, Accepted 29th April 2008 First published as an Advance Article on the web 13th May 2008 DOI: 10.1039/b805998e Rapid development and application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology make assessment of their potential health and environmental impacts on humans, non-human biota, and ecosystems imperative. Here we show that pumpkin plants (Cucurbita maxima), grown in an aqueous medium containing magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, can absorb, translocate, and accumulate the particles in the plant tissues. These results suggest that plants, as an important component of the environmental and ecological systems, need to be included when evaluating the overall fate, transport and exposure pathways of nanoparticles in the environment.
    Public Research 223 12 / 01 / 2010
  • Innovations.in.Ecological.environmental,Biospheric.sciences.new.Sites
    Innovations in ecological, environmental, biospheric sciences: new sites with some relevant publications (updated 2010, December 1): [key words: ecology, ecotoxicology, assimilative capacity, sustainability, water, quality, filtering, filter-feeders, self-purification, filtration, pollution, detergents, control, bioassay, environmental, hazards, aquatic, ecosystems]: http://www.scribd.com/doc/44460000
    Public Research 198 12 / 01 / 2010
  • About.the.BookBiolEffects
    About the book : Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p., [Book was published at the end of 2005, Copyright of 2006]. http://www.scribd.com/doc/44428910
     Blog about the book: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4528_EcotoxicologyDetergents; The book summarizes the 20-year research done by the author and over 90 author's research publications in many Russian and international editions as well as hundreds of publications of other scientists. The book contains new detailed information on the results of the author’s studies of the biological effects of synthetic surfactants and detergents on autotrophic and heterotrophic, prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The chemicals included anionic, non-ionic and cationic surfactants, as well as several types of detergents. The freshwater and marine organisms studied and used for bioassay included bacteria and cyanobacteria, algae, flagellates, seedlings of higher plants (the plant species used were: Fagopyrum esculentum, Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum, Oryza sativa, and others), and invertebrates (mollusks Mytilus, Crassostrea, Unio, annelids Hirudo medicinalis). New methods for bioassay and biotesting of chemicals are described and applied in the book. The results are discussed and analyzed in connection with new priorities in assessing the ecological hazards of chemical pollution and xenobiotics on the biosphere and hydrosphere, studying water purification in aquatic ecosystems, and setting new priorities in the area of environmental protection. The book is of interest to scientists who conduct research in the relevant areas of ecology, limnology, oceanography, biotechnology, environmental sciences, water sciences, geosciences, the science of the biosphere and global change, ecotoxicology, as well as to university professors, graduate students and educators. The book is also of interest to those who are involved in environmental management and assessment, environmental law and regulation. The book is also of interest to the companies and industries that make dispersants to clean oil spills, shampoos, laundry detergents, detergents for cars, and other detergents. The opinion of Dr. Steven C. McCutcheon about the book, from his Preface: "I am pleased to have this opportunity to comment on the scientific leadership of Sergei A. Ostroumov. The book is highly recommended to those who are involved in studying ecology and solving environmental problems". - Steven C. McCutcheon, Ph.D., University of Georgia and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. E.P.A.); President of the American Society of Ecological Engineering. KEY ISSUES considered or mentioned in the series of publications: self-purification, water quality, water bodies, reservoirs, streams, contaminants, pollutants, ecotoxicology, freshwater, marine, environmental safety, environmental security, sources of water, xenobiotics, polyfunctional role of biota, water, ecosystem functioning, hydrosphere, community, sustainable use, resources, environmental management, human impact, potential for water purification, ecosystem’s services, biological theory, application, reliability, external influences; anthropogenic, man-made effects, environmental practices, the new experimental results, cadmium, mollusks, eutrophication, a new concept, a two-level synergies, environmental chemoregulators, environmental chemomediators, hazards, damage to biota, economic evaluation, damage by the anthropogenic impact, water protection regime, special protected areas, microorganisms, aquatic, plants, invertebrates, an analog of the bioreactor with the function of purifying water, nutrients, control of phytoplankton, consumers, trophic level, intraspecific interactions of organisms, pheromones, regulators, interspecific interactions, V.I. Vernadsky, biosphere, matter, the regulation, geochemical processes, transfer of matter, biogenic migration
    Public Research 395 12 / 01 / 2010
  • List.papers.available.online.freeNovember30
    List of key materials - papers, some key blogs by S.A. Ostroumov, ecology, environment, biology- available online free. 2010, November 30; http://www.scribd.com/doc/44428910 Some of key blogs: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5974_Key_Blogs; publications authored and coathored by S.A.Ostroumov are available online free: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5152_TextsOnlineFree;
    Public Research 212 12 / 01 / 2010
  • These.institutions.citedS.a.O.nov29
    Scholars of these institutions have cited the publications (biology, ecology, environment, water quality) authored by S.A.Ostroumov (some examples of those institutions are listed below; http://www.scribd.com/doc/44305970: November 29, 2010
    Public Research 194 11 / 29 / 2010
  • Ostroumov S.A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders. - Hydrobiologia,[invertebrates & environmental toxicology of detergents] 5Hydrobiologia542p275water
    Ostroumov S.A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders. - Hydrobiologia, 2005, 542: 275-286. http://www.scribd.com/doc/44105992; Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders S.A.Ostroumov Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia Key words: filter-feeders, water purification, bivalves, pollution, filtering activity Abbreviations: AFDW - ash-free dry weight; LD - liquid detergent; SD - synthetic detergent (laundry detergent in the form of powder); SDS - sodium dodecyl sulphate; TDTMA -tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide; Abstract On the basis of the previous publications, our new data and the existing scientific literature, we have formulated some fundamental principles that characterize the pivotal roles of the biodiversity of filter-feeders in ecosystems. Among those roles are: (1) the role of ecological repair of water quality, (2) the role of contributing to reliability and stability of the functioning of the ecosystem, (3) the role of contributing to creation of habitat heterogeneity, (4) the role of contributing to acceleration of migration of chemical elements. It is an important feature of the biomachinery of filter-feeders that it removes from water various particles of a very broad range of sizes. Another important principle is that the amount of the organic matter filtered out of water is larger than the amount assimilated so that a significant part of the removed material serves no useful function to the organism of the filter-feeder, but serves a beneficial function to some other species and to the ecosystem as a whole. The new experiments by the author additionally demonstrated a vulnerability of the filtration activity of filter feeders (e.g. bivalves and rotifers) to some xenobiotics (tetradecyltrymethylammonium bromide, heavy metals and some others). Some of new blogs with additional relevant publications: publications authored and coathored by S.A.Ostroumov are available online free: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5152_TextsOnlineFree; Examples of some citations of S.A.Ostroumov's papers: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3380_Ecology_biology_life_sciences_Bibliography ; Book: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/4528_EcotoxicologyDetergents; FAQ (Frequently asked questions) : how to use the book and relevant papers on detergents and surfactants: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/5898_FAQDetergentsSurfactantsRisk;
    Public Research 1390 11 / 27 / 2010
  • 5126-23784-1-PB
    N. Ramírez-Baca, R. Saucedo-Terán, L.I. Manzanares-Papayanopoulos, J. Carrazco-Palafox, and G.V. Nevárez-Moorillón. Treatment for small polluted rivers: Design and performance of an experimental structure. Water SA, 2005, Vol. 31, No. 1, p. 101 - 106.Abstract In view of the economic reality of developing countries, it will not be possible to build all the necessary wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) needed to control the pollution of their rivers in the next 20 years. Therefore, low-cost alternative technologies must be developed to restore the water quality of polluted rivers. It is well-known that the self-purification cycle in nature uses several biotic and abiotic processes to restore polluted water to its former pristine quality. This cycle has been surpassed in many rivers due to continuous discharges of wastewater into them. A low-cost structure that will enhance the water quality in small polluted rivers is proposed and can be constructed in situ, based on three conditions: Disruption of plug flow, flow velocity and support material for bacterial growth. The design of the experimental stage of this structure can control slope, water flow, length, support material and the number of locks. Two 175m-long experimental models were constructed; both models were filled with crushed, washed and screened 10 to 12 mm diameter river stone. A mixture of primary and secondary effluents from a WWTP was used to test the models, with a chemical oxygen demand of COD ≈50 and 100 mg•l-1 respectively. For a uniform 0.5% slope, the maximum flows achieved were 27 and 30 l•min-1 with and without locks. The system worked efficiently breaking the plug flow, mixing the water flow and allowing stable aerobic microbial communities of 5.58 and 8.86 log UFC•g-1, and COD reductions ranging from 90.27 to 555.2 mg•min-1 depending on the pollutant concentration. Keywords: freshwater contaminants, self-purification, alternative technology, microbial communities; water, microbial, pollutants, effluent, aerobic, chemical oxygen demand, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), rivers, water quality
    Public Research 292 11 / 25 / 2010
  • Pandey et al
    J. Pandey, A. Chauhan, R. K. Jain. Integrative approaches for assessing the ecological sustainability of in situ bioremediation. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. Volume 33 Issue 2, Pages 324 – 375. More detail see at: http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/3380_Ecology_biology_life_sciences_Bibliography; ABSTRACT: Application of microbial metabolic potential (bioremediation) is accepted as an environmentally benign and economical measure for decontamination of polluted environments. Bioremediation methods are generally categorized into ex situ and in situ bioremediation. Although in situ bioremediation methods have been in use for two to three decades, they have not yet yielded the expected results. Their limited success has been attributed to reduced ecological sustainability under environmental conditions. An important determinant of sustainability of in situ bioremediation is pollutant bioavailability. Microbial chemotaxis is postulated to improve pollutant bioavailability significantly; consequently, application of chemotactic microorganisms can considerably enhance the performance of in situ degradation. The environmental fate of degradative microorganisms and the ecological consequence of intervention constitute other important descriptors for the efficiency and sustainability of bioremediation processes. Integrative use of culture-dependent, culture-independent methods (e.g. amplified rDNA restriction analysis, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, denaturing/thermal gradient gel electrophoresis, phospholipid fatty acid, etc.), computational and statistical analyses has enabled successful monitoring of the above aspects. The present review provides a detailed insight into some of the key factors that affect the efficiency of in situ bioremediation along with a comprehensive account of the integrative approaches used for assessing the ecological sustainability of processes. The review also discusses the possibility of developing suicidal genetically engineered microorganisms for optimized and controlled in situ bioremediation.
    Public Research 320 11 / 25 / 2010
  • Mearns2009.Review
    Mearns, Alan J.; Reish, Donald J.; Oshida, Philip S.; Buchman, Michael; Ginn, Thomas; Donnelly, Robert . Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms . - Water Environment Research, 2009 Literature Review , pp. 2070-2125. http://www.scribd.com/doc/43939466; DOI: 10.2175/106143009X12445568400737. This review covers selected 2008 peer-reviewed journal articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The first five sections cover reviews and field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). The last six sections focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, vessel and marine coatings, ballast water treatment, marine… KEYWORDS: tissue residues; toxicity; field; surveys; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPS; PCBS; PAHS; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace; metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine coatings; biocides; ballast, water, treatment; oil, spills; sewage; diseases; abnormalities ; pollutants, contaminants, xenobiotics, ecotoxicology, toxicology, biological effects, bioassay, biotesting, aquatic, ecosystems,
    Public Research 329 11 / 25 / 2010