Population: 4 688 963 habitants (est. 2002)
Neighboring countries: Iran, Kazakhstan, Ouzbekistan, Afghanistan
Density: 9.61 hab./km²
Area: 488 100 km²
capital: Ashkhabad
Top Cities: Chardzhou, Tashauz, Krasnovodsk
Mountain Highlight: Ayrybaba 3 189 m.
Language: Turkmen, Russe, Ouzbek
Official: Turkmen
Currency: Rouble
National Day: 27 octobre
Status: République
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Turkmenistan ( or ; Türkmenistan), formerly also known as Turkmenia (Туркмения), is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
Turkmenistan's GDP growth rate of 11% ranks 4th in the world, but these figures are subject to wide margins of error.. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.
The Turkmen government operates as a single-party system. Turkmenistan was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov (called "Türkmenbaşy", "Leader of the Turkmens") until his sudden death on 21 December 2006. Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov was elected the new president on 11 February 2007.
Turkmenistan's GDP growth rate of 11% ranks 4th in the world, but these figures are subject to wide margins of error.. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.
The Turkmen government operates as a single-party system. Turkmenistan was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov (called "Türkmenbaşy", "Leader of the Turkmens") until his sudden death on 21 December 2006. Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov was elected the new president on 11 February 2007.