???a? ß?a??de??, µe µ??e??? sa? a?t? t?? G?? ?a? ß??s???ta? se t????? ???? ap? ??a ?st?? ?µ??? µe t?? ???? µa?, a??? ?a?e?? de? ?e??e?ta? ?at??????? ??a ?pa??? ?e??? ?a? ??a ???, epe?d? ????? p??? ????? ?e?µ???as?a.
?? ... ast????µ?? ?at?fe?a?, µe t? ß???e?a t?? d?ast?µ???? t??es??p??? «??p?e?» t?? NASA, ?a e?t?p?s??? t??? µ????te???? ??? t??a e??p?a??te? p?? ????? ß?e?e?, ?? ?p???? ????? p?? ?µ??e? d?ast?se?? µe a?t?? t?? G?? ap? ???e ???? p?a??t? p?? ??e? a?a?a??f?e? µ???? s?µe?a e?t?? t?? ???a??? µa? s?st?µat??,.
? a?a?????? ?a??et?st??e ?? ? p?? s?µa?t??? p?? ??e? ???e? s?et??? µe t??? e??p?a??te?, ?a??? ep?ßeßa???e? p???? ???st??? ?t? ??t?? e?t?? t?? ???a??? µa? s?st?µat?? ?p?????? p?a??te? sa? t? G? ? ?a? µ????te???.
?? ep?st?µ??e? de? ap???e???? ?t? st? µa????? pa?e???? ?? s???e???µ???? e??p?a??te?, ?d??? ? ??a? p?? e??a? ??????e?t??? «d?d?µ??» t?? p?a??t? µa?, µp??e? ?a f????e???sa? ???? ?e?? ?a? ??p??e? µ??f?? ????, ?ta? ?sa? µa???te?a ap? t? ?st?? t???. ???a p?a e??a? p??? ?a?t??, epe?d? ? t????? t??? ??e? µeta?????e? p??s??ste?a st?? ???? t???. Se ???e pe??pt?s?, t? e???µa de???e? ?t? e??a? p???? ??µa ?????? ?a ß?e???? ?a? ????? «??????» e??p?a??te? ?a?, te????, ??p???? ap? a?t??? ?a f????e?e? ???.
?? e?e???t??, µe ep??efa??? t?? d?a F?a?s??? F?es?? t?? ???t??? ?st??f?s???? ???ßa??t-Sµ??s???a?, p?? ??a?a? t? s?et??? d?µ?s?e?s? st? pe???d??? «Nature», ???µasa? t??? p?a??te? «??p?e? 20f» (? «d?d?µ??» t?? G??, ?a??? ??e? a?t??a ?s? µe 1,03 f???? t?? a?t??a t?? G??, e?? ? ?e?µ???as?a t?? e??a? 427 ßa?µ?? ?e?s???) ?a? «??p?e? 20e» (??e? a?t??a ?s? µe 0,87 f???? t?? a?t??a t?? G??, d??ad? e??a? pe??p?? ?s? ? ?f??d?t?, e?? ? ?e?µ???as?a t?? e??a? 760 ßa?µ??).
?a? ?? d?? e??a? s?µe?a p?? ???t? st? ?st?? t??? - µe t?? ???µas?a «??p?e?-20» - ap? ?,t? ? G? st?? ????, ?ts? t? ?t?? t??? (µ?a p????? pe??f???) d?a??e? 20 ?a? ??? µ??e? a?t?st???a, ??a?t? t?? 365 µe??? t?? G??.
? µe?a??te??? ?a? p?? ?????? e??p?a??t?? p?ste?eta? ?t? ??e? p????a ap? s?d??? ?p?? ? G?, ?a??? ?a? µ?a p??a?? p???? atµ?sfa??a ap? ?d?atµ???. ?? ?st?? «??p?e?-20», p?? ??e? ???? t?? s??????? p??te p?a??te?, ap??e? pe??p?? 1.000 ?t? f?t?? ap? t? G? ?a? ß??s?eta? st?? ?ate????s? t?? aste??sµ?? t?? ???a?.
? p??t?? e??p?a??t?? a?a?a??f???e t? 1995 ?a? µ???? s?µe?a ????? ß?e?e? s??????? 709 se 534 ast???? s?st?µata, s?ed?? ???? ?µ?? e??a? a????? ???a?te?. ? µ????te??? e??p?a??t?? p?? e??e ß?e?e? µ???? s?µe?a, e??e a?t??a 1,42 f???? t?? a?t??a t?? G?? ?a? ???? s?ed?? t??p??s?? ap? t?? p?a??t? µa?.
???? t?e?? ??e? ep?ßeßa???e? ?t? e??a? ß?a??de?? ?a? ta?t?????a ß??s???ta? st?? «?at????s?µ?» ???? (?? «G????e 581d», «?D 85512b» ?a? «??p?e?-22b»). ? te?e?ta???, a? ?a? ß??s?eta? st? ???? p?? µp??e? ?a ?p???e? ???, e??a? a??et? µe?a??te??? (pe??p?? d??µ?s? f????) ap? t? G?. ?? ast????µ?? p?ste???? ?t? a??? ? ??????a ?a e?t?p?s??? ??a e??p?a??t? p?? ?a ta s??d???e? ??a, d??ad? ?a e??a? ta?t?????a ?d??? µe?????? µe t? G? ?a? ep?s?? ?a ß??s?eta? st?? ?at????s?µ? ????.
?? t????a?? t??es??p?? «??p?e?», p?? t????e se ?e?t?????a t? 2009, e??e µ???? t??a ß?e? 35 e??p?a??te?, ????? µe?a??te???? ap? t? G?. ??e? ep?s?? e?t?p?se? 2.326 ?p???f???? e??p?a??te? (de? ????? ep?ßeßa???e? a??µa ap? ???e? pa?at???se??), ap? t??? ?p????? ?? 207 ????? t? µ??e??? t?? G?? ?a? ap? a?t??? ?? d??a ß??s???ta? st?? ?e??µe?? «?at????s?µ?» ????, ?p?? µp??e? ?a ?p???e? ???? ?e?? ?a? ???.
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