????????: ????S ?. G?O?G???S
?a? sta 60 ?????a ? ???d?? ??a ta ßa??a ?a? a?????e???...
??at??p??-s?? (?a?) sta ???a ?????a? s??ta???d?t?s?? ?a? ??a t?? µ?t??e? a??????? (e?t?? ??µ?s???)
µa?? µe d?ast???? µe??se?? s??t??e?? f???e? t? ??? ?sfa??st??? p?? ?atat????e ??e? st? ????? ?a? e???????e ap? t? ?p??????? S?µß?????.
Se d??st?µa t???? et?? ?? µ?t??e? a??????? (?p?? ?a?...
??e? ?? ???a??e?) se ??a ta asfa??st??? taµe?a ?a ep?ßa??????? ??? ?a? 15 ?t? ap? t? 2011 ??? t? 2013 af?? t? ???? s??ta???d?t?s?? a????eta? ap? t? 50? ?t?? st? 65? ??a p???? s??ta??. ?p?ßa???se?? ?a ????? ?a? ?? e??a??µe??? sta ßa??a ?a? a?????e??? epa????µata, ?p?? t? ???? ?????a? s??ta???d?t?s?? ?a a????e? ap? t? 55? st? 60? ?t?? ap? t? 2011 ??? t? 2015. G?a t?? 35et?a sta ßa??a ? a???s? ?a e??a? µ???? t? 2017 st? 60? ?t??. ?e t? ??? ??µ?s??d?? ?? asfa??sµ???? ?a e??????ta? st? s??ta?? µe 40 ?t? ?p??es?a? (sta ?p??a ?a pe???aµß????ta? ?a? 7 p?asµat???) ?a? st? 60? ? st? 65? ?t?? µe ????te?a ap? 40 ?t?. ?s?? s??ta???d?t???ta? se ?????a 60 ??? 65 et?? ?a ????? «p????» st? s??ta?? 6% et?s??? (-30% st? 60? ?t??). ? ?p?????? ?. ??ß??d?? pa???s?????ta? t? ??µ?s??d?? e?pe ?a?a?t???st??? «pat?saµe se ?????», e?? ?d?se st? d?µ?s??t?ta a?a????st??? µe??t? s?µf??a µe t?? ?p??a µe ta ??a µ?t?a t? asfa??st??? s?st?µa ?a p??e? a??sa µ???? t? 2060, µe t?? dap??e? ??a s??t??e?? ?a µe?????ta? st? 3% t?? ??? ap? 12,5%. S?µe???eta? ?t? de? ?????ta? ?s?? ?eµe??????? asfa??st??? d??a??µa µ???? 31/12/2010 ef?s?? e??a? asfa??sµ???? st? ??µ?s?? ?a? se e?d??? ?aµe?a (????) p?? ????? e?ta??e? st? ???. ?p?s?? e?a?????ta? ap? t?? a?at??p?? ?? asfa??sµ???? p?? t?? 1983 st? ??µ?s??, t?? ???? ?a? ta taµe?a ??p?? µe 35et?a ?a? ????? ???? ?????a?. Ta a???????se? t? ??µ?s??d?? t?? ?p????e??? ??????µ???? ??a t? s??ta???d?t??? t?? d?µ?s??? ?pa??????.
?? 6 µe???e? a?at??p?? st? ?sfa??st??? e??a? ?? pa?a??t?:
1?????G?S??S S??????O?
?p? t? 2015 a????e? ? t??p?? ?p?????sµ?? t?? s??t??e?? st?? d?µ?s?? t?µ?a ?a? st? s????? t?? asfa??st???? taµe???. St? ??µ?s??d?? p??ß??peta? ??a ??? s?st?µa ??a t?? ?p?????sµ? t?? s??t??e??, s?µf??a µe t? ?p???:
?a ?????a µ???? t? 2010 ?a ?p????????ta? µe t? pa?a?? ?a?est?? (?p?? p??ß??peta? sta taµe?a ????a? asf???s?? ? st? ??µ?s??).
?a ?????a ap? t? 2011 ??? ?a? t? 2014 ?a ?p????????ta? µe t? ??? ?a?est??.
?e ß?s? t? ??? s?st?µa, ap? t?? 1? ?a???a???? 2015 ?? asfa??sµ???? ?a d??a????ta? t? ßas??? s??ta?? p?? µe ta s?µe???? ded?µ??a e??a? 360 e???. ?? p?s? a?t? µe???eta? st?? pe??pt?se?? ?eµe???s?? d??a??µat?? se µe??µ??? s??ta?? ???? ???at??, ???? a?ap???a? ? ?a??t??.
?? a?asf???st?? d??a????ta? ßas??? s??ta?? ?p? ?????: ?a ????? s?µp????se? t? 65? ?t??, ?a p?????? e?s?d?µat??? ???t???a ?a? ?a d?aµ????? t??????st?? 15 ?t? st? ???a.
?? a?a?????? p?s? t?? s??ta??? ?p??????eta? µe s??te?est?? a?????a µe ta ?µe??µ?s??a. ?? et?s?? p?s?st? a?ap????s?? ??a ??? t?? asfa??st??? ß?? ?a ??µa??eta? ap? 0,8% ??? 1,5%. S?µf??a µe t??? ?p?????sµ??? t?? ?p????e???, t? p?s?st? a?ap????s?? t?? ßas???? ?a? t?? a?a??????? s??ta??? ?a d?aµ??f??eta? st? 64% ??a t?? 35et?a. ??d??? ??a ?s??? ?eµe??????? d??a??µa se s??ta?? ???at?? ? a?ap???a? ap? f??e?? ????a? asf???s?? ? t? ??µ?s?? ap? t? 2013 t? tµ?µa t?? µ???a?a? s??ta??? de? µp??e? ?a ?pe?ßa??e? t? 2% t?? µ???a??? s??t???µ?? ap?d????.
2?G???S T?G?????S
?????e? ? t??p?? s??ta???d?t?s?? t?? ??aµ?? ???at????, e?? t??e?ta? ?a? e?s?d?µat??? ???t???a. ???ß??peta? p?? «ap??t??? d??a??µa s??ta??? µe t??? ?d???? ????? p?? ap??t??? ?a? ta a????a», e?? e?a?????ta? p??s?pa, «t?? ?p???? t? d??a??µa ?e??????e p??? ap? t? d?µ?s?e?s? t?? ??µ?? ?a? ????? s?µp????se? t? 55o ?t?? t?? ?????a?». ?p?p????, st? ??µ?s??d?? p??ß??peta? p?? st?? ??aµe? ? d?a?e??µ??e? ???at??e?- e?t?? ap? t?? a???a?e? se p?s?st? 67% ?a? ???- µet? t?? e???????s? ? t? t???? t?? sp??d?? ? s??ta??: ?ataß???eta? ????????, a? t? s??????? µ???a?? p?a?µat??? a?a????st? e?s?d?µa de? ?pe?ßa??e? t? 30p??s?? t?? ?µe??µ?s???? a?e?d??e?t?? e???t?.
?e??????eta? ?at? t? 1/3 t?? p?s??, a? t? e?s?d?µa a?t? ?pe?ßa??e? t? 30p??s??, ??? ?µ?? ?a? t? 40p??s?? t?? ?µe??µ?s???? a?e?d??e?t?? e???t?.
?e??????eta? ?at? t? 1/2 t?? p?s??, a? t? e?s?d?µa ?pe?ßa??e? t? 40p??s??, ??? ?µ?? ?a? t? 60p??s?? t?? ?µe??µ?s???? a?e?d??e?t?? e???t?.
?e??????eta? ?at? ta 3/4 t?? p?s??, a? t? e?s?d?µa ?pe?ßa??e? t? 60p??s??, ??? ?µ?? ?a? t? 70p??s?? t?? ?µe??µ?s???? a?e?d??e?t?? e???t?.
??ast???eta? ? ?ataß??? µet? t?? ?p??ßas? t?? s???e???µ???? p?s??.
3????S? S??????O?
?p? t? 2014 ?? s??t??e?? a?ap??sa?µ????ta? ?at? ?t?? µe ????? ap?fas? t?? ?p?????? ??????µ???? ?a? ???as?a? ?a? ?????????? ?sf???s?? st? ß?s? s??te?est? p?? d?aµ??f??eta? ?at? 50% ap? t? µetaß??? t?? p?a?µat???? ??? ?a? ?at? 50% ap? t? µetaß??? t?? ?e??t? ??µ?? ?ata?a??t? (?a? de? ?pe?ßa??e? t?? et?s?a µetaß??? t?? ?e??t? ??µ?? ?ata?a??t?). ?? d?at??e?? t?? s??ta???d?t???? ??µ??es?a? t?? ??µ?s???, µe t?? ?p??e? p??ß??peta? a?ap??sa?µ??? ? a???s? s??t??e??, ???????? ?a? ß????µ?t?? p?? ?ataß?????ta? ?at? d?af??et??? t??p?, ?ata?????ta? ap? t? 2014.
4?? ??????????S S???????S
?e ß?s? t?? ??????µ??? ß??s?µ?t?ta t?? ???e ?aµe??? ?a d?aµ??f????ta? ?? ep????????? s??t??e??. ?? µe??te? p??pe? ?a ?????? ??? t? t???? t?? 2011 ?a? st? s????e?a- e?t?? d?? µ????- ta d?????t??? s?µß????a ?a ?a????s??? t? p?s?st? t?? a?ap????s??. ?d?a?te?a s?µa?t??? e??a? ? d??ta?? t?? ??µ?s?ed??? p?? p??ß??pe? p?? «ap? t?? 1? ?a???a???? 2011 t? ???t?? de? ?a??pte? ?a???a t????? ? ?a? µe????t??? ???e?µµa t?? ep????????? taµe???, ???d?? ?a? epa??e?µat???? taµe??? ??a t?? ?s??s? ?????????? p???t????. ?p?te p????pte? ? p??ß??peta? ???e?µµa, ?? s??t??e?? p??sa?µ????ta? ?ts? ?ste ?a e????ta? ? ?s????p?a µeta?? t?? pa????? ?a? t?? e?sf????».
5?? ????? ??T?G?????
?p? 2011 ??? t? 2015 a????eta? t? ???? ?????a? ap? ta 55 sta 60 ?????a. ?e 35 ?????a sta ßa??a ap? t? 2011 ??? 2017 a????eta? t? ???? ?at? 9 µ??e? t? ????? ??a ?a ft?se? sta 60 ?t?.
?a p?asµat??? ?????a
????? ?a? ept? p?asµat??? ?t? ?a µp????? ?a ?p????????? ?? asfa??sµ???? ??a t? ?eµe???s? s??ta???d?t???? d??a??µat?? O? ?????? asf???s?? ?p??????eta? µeta?? ?????:
? st?at??t??? ??te?a, ? ?????? ?de?a a?at??f?? pa?d???, ? ep?d?t?s? ???? as?e?e?a? ?a? µ???? 300 ?µ??e?, ? ep?d?t?s? ta?t???? a?e???a? ?a? µ???? 300 ?µ??e?, ? ?????? e?pa?de?t???? ?de?a? ??e? ap?d???? ?a? µ???? 2 ?t?, ? ?????? sp??d?? ??a t?? ap??t?s? e??? µ??? pt?????, ? ?????? ???s?? ?a? ???e?a?.
? ?????? p?? s???p??????eta? ??a t? ?eµe???s? s??ta???d?t???? d??a??µat?? ?a?????eta? ?at? a??tat? ????:
S? 4 ??? ??a ?s??? ?eµe??????? s??ta???d?t??? d??a??µa t? 2011. S? 5 ??? ??a ?s??? ?eµe??????? s??ta???d?t??? d??a??µa t? 2012. S? 6 ??? ??a ?s??? ?eµe??????? s??ta???d?t??? d??a??µa t? 2013.
S? 7 ??? ??a ?s??? ?eµe??????? s??ta???d?t??? d??a??µa ap? t? 2014 ?a? µet?.
? s???e???µ??? ???µ?s? a????e? ap? t?? 1? ?a???a???? 2011.
??? ???t? ? ?e???? ape???a
?e ??a 24??? ?e???? ape???a t?? e???µe?? ???t? apa?t??? ? GS?? ?a? ? ????? st?? p??????µe?e? a?at??p?? st? e??as?a?? ?a? ta asfa??st???. ?? s?µµet??? t??? st?? ape???a a?a?????sa? ? ?a?e?????a ?µ?sp??d?a ?at????? ?p?s?ept??- Fa?µa?e?t???? ?a? S??af?? ?pa??e?µ?t??- ???d??, ? ??S?- ??? ?a? ???e? ?µ?sp??d?e? t?? ?d??t???? ?a? e???te??? d?µ?s??? t?µ?a.
S?µe???eta? ?t? d??µ???????ta? p??sf???? e?a?t??? t?? e??as?a??? µ?t??? ?a? t?? ?sfa??st???? ap? ??????????? f??e?? ?ste?a ap? s??e??as?a t?? ??????????? S??????? ?????? ?a? t?? ?????.
???