??? ???S??? ??G?
?p??e? st? ?????? ?a?e?? ?? 3 st??? 4 ?a ?e?d?????, a??? µe t? ?sfa??st??? ?? 3 st??? 4 t?? ??????... ?a?e??. S?µf??a µe t?? d?at??e?? t?? ???? ?sfa??st????, ap? ta 5 e?at. t?? asfa??sµ???? (e?a?????ta? ?? pe??p?? 600.000 a???te? p?? ?p????ta? st?? ?G? ?a? t?? ?p???? de? a??????? ??s?ast??? ??...
???? ?a? p???p???se?? s??ta???d?t?s??) µ???? ?? 1,25 e?at. µ????e? ?a ???t????? t? µ???e?? t?? ???? d?a???te??? ???µ?se??.
???ad?, de? ep?ßa?????ta? ?d?a?te?a ?? asfa??sµ???? p?? t?? 1983. S?ed?? ?a????? ?? d?µ?s??? ?p??????? a?t?? t?? pe???d??, ?? asfa??sµ???? se ???? ?a? t??pe?e? ?a??? ?a? sta e?d??? ?aµe?a. ??t???t??, ap? t? µetaßat??? a?t? d??ta?? de? ?a??pt??ta? ?? asfa??sµ???? st? ???, ta ???a t?? ?p???? a??????ta? ap? t? 58? st? 65? ?t?? ??a p???? s??ta?? µe 35et?a (µe??µ??? st? 60?), e?? ??e???eta? 40et?a ??a ???d? st? 60? ?t?? e?e? p?? ??p???? asfa??sµ???? ?p??????e ?a ß?e? µe 37et?a (????? ???? ?????a?). ?p?s?? de? ep?ßa?????ta? ?d?a?te?a ?? e?e??e??? epa??e?µat?e? ?a? ???sµ???? ep?st?µ??e? p?? ?ts? ?? a????? ap??????sa? ap? t?? e??as?a µet? t? 65? ?t?? (??at???, d???????? ?.?.). ?p?s??, µe ???sµ??e? «aµ????» t? ß?????? ?? ??st???? (150.000) ?? ?p???? ?a ????? e?d??? ?a?est?? asf???s?? (?a ?atate?e? a???te?a µ?sa st? ?a???a??? st? ?????) ?a? ?? µ?t??e? µe a?????? p?? s?µp???????? t? d?et?a 2011-12 ta ?t? asf???s??. Se a?t? t?? pe??pt?s?, ?se? ????? ?at? t?? p??se?? d?et?a 18,3 ?t? st? ??? ? 20 ?a? 25 sta e?d??? taµe?a ?a? t? ??µ?s??, a?t?st???a, s?? t?? a??????t?ta t?? pa?d???, ?a µp????? ?a ß???? st? s??ta?? ?p?ted?p?te st? µ????? µe ta µetaßat??? ???a p?? ?a ?s????? a?t? t? µes?d??st?µa (2011-12). ?st? ?a? a? s??ta???d?t????? a??µ? ?a? 10 ?????a a???te?a. ?p?s?? µe ta s?µe???? ???a ?????a? a?aµ??eta? ?a s??ta???d?t????? st? µ????? ?se? ???a??e? ????? f?t?? ?eµe???se? s??ta???d?t??? d??a??µa.
?ts?, ap? ta 5 e?at. t?? asfa??sµ????, ?? ??e? d?at??e?? ep?ßa?????? t??? ????? s??ta???d?t?s?? (a??????? d?ast??? ta ???a ?????a? ??? ?a? 15 ?t? ?a? µe?????ta? ?? s??t??e?? µ???? ?a? 30% se ???sµ??e? pe??pt?se??) se pe??p?? 3,75 e?at. asfa??sµ?????. ?e µe?a??te?a ??µata:
- ??? µ?t??e? µe a??????, ?? ?p??e? ?a s??ta???d?t????? µe p???? s??ta?? st? 65? ?t?? ap? t? 50? (µe??µ???) ?a? 55? s?µe?a.
- ???? e??a??µe???? sta ?a??a ?? ?p???? ?a pa?aµe????? st?? e??as?a ep?p???? 5 ?t? (p???e?? ap?d???? st? 60? ?a? µe??µ??e? st? 58? ap? t? 55? ?a? 53? a?t?st?????). ????sta, se a?t? t?? pe??pt?s? ???sµ???? asfa??sµ???? sta ??? ?a d??? ?a ?atast??f??ta? ?? e?sf???? t??? st?? pe??pt?s? p?? t? ep???e?µ? t??? ap??a?a?t???ste? e?t?? t?? 2011 -? ???? p??a?a? µe ta ??? ?a ?s??se? ap? 1/7/2011- ?a? de? ????? s?µp????se? t? e????st? t?? 3.600 e?s?µ?? sta t??? t?? 2015.
- ?? ap?d???? s???????ta? st?? pe????? ??t? t?? 1.400 e???, ?a??? ??a t?? s??t???µe? ap?d???? p??? ap? a?t? t? ep?ped? ?? s??te?est?? a?ap????s?? (s??ta???) µe?????ta? ?a? ??t? t?? 60% ap? 70% s?µe?a. ??t? s?µßa??e? ??at? ? µ???? ßas??? s??ta?? (360 e???) de? µp??e? ?a a???se? s?µa?t??? t? p?s?st? t?? 48% t?? a?tap?d?t????-a?a??????? s??ta??? ??a t?? 40et? asf???s? (µ?sa ep?peda 1,2% ??a ???e ?t?? st?? asf???s?). ?p?p??s?eta, p??? ap? a?t? t? ep?ped? ???eta? ? ???? ??F?? ap? 3% (??a ????a s??ta?? 1.400 e???) ?a? ??? 10% (??a ap?d???? ??? t?? 3.501 e???) ??a ?a pe?????e? a??µ? pe??ss?te?? t?? ap?d????. ????sta, ? s??te?est?? 7% st?? pe????? t?? 2.800 e??? t?? a??tat?? s??ta??? ?d??e? se ??? ?aµ???te?? p?af?? st?? s??t??e??, pe??p?? sta 2.600 e???.
- ? ?p?????sµ?? t?? s??ta??? st? ß?s? t?? s?????? t?? e?sf???? (35et?a ? 40et?a) ?d??e? se ??a ???f? µe??s? t?? s??t??e??. ?a? a?t? ep?te??eta? ap? t? ?e????? ?t? µe t? asfa??st??? ??µ?s??d?? de? pe?????feta? ? s??te?est?? ???µa?s?? ??a t?? a??????-pa?a??? e?sf????. ?a?ap?µpeta? st? µ????? µe ?p???????? ap?f?se?? (s.s. ?ts? ?? a????? ?a ??e?aste? se ?s??? s??ta???d?t????? ap? t? 2015 ?a? µet?). ????, ap? t?? ????, ?esµ??et???ta? t??a ?? s??te?est?? ???µa?s?? st?? pe??pt?se?? d?ad?????? asf???s??.
- ?? ???t?? e??ata?e?pe? t?? ep???????? s??ta?? (de? t?? e????ta?) ?a? e?? ??a ?aµe?? de? ??e? ?a p????se? t?? s?µßat???? ?p???e?se?? t??, ?? e? ???? ap?d???? d??ata? ?a p?s??? ?a? ??t? t?? 20%.
?? ?a? µe t? ??? ?sfa??st??? ? ??ß????s? s??d?e? t?? s??t??e?? µe t? s????? t?? e??as?a??? ß???, d??ad? e?s??e? pe??ss?te?a ????t?a a?tap?d?s?? st? s?st?µa e?? p??spa?e? ?a ?atast?se? ?a? at?µ??? ?pe??????? t??? e??a??µe???? ??a t?? ap?d???? sta ???ate??, ?µ?? ?a? p??? ? a?tap?d?s? e??a? µ???? ?a? ? ??????? d????e?a t?? asf???s?? µe????. ??t? p?? de? ep?t??pe? ?a µe???e? ? «µa???»-a?asf???st? e??as?a ?a? ?a a??????? ta ?s?da t?? s?st?µat??. ??s?ast???, ? ?p?????sµ?? µe t? s????? t?? ?????? asf???s?? ???eta? ??a ?a µe?????? ?? te????? ap?d???? ?a? ??? ??a ?a ???e? pe??ss?te?? d??a?? t? d?µ?s?? asfa??st??? s?st?µa.*
*?p????f???a? ap? t?? ???µ??e?a t?? S?µß?????? t?? ?p???ate?a? ?? p??sf???? t?? ????, S??????? ?a? S?µate??? ??????ß????t???? ?aµe???, a??? ?a? µeµ???µ???? t?ape???pa??????, p?? ??t??sa? t?? a????s? t?? ?.?. 209/2006 ??a t?? ?pa???? t?? t?ape???pa?????? st? ???a?? ?aµe?? ?sf???s?? ??ape???pa?????? (????), p?? ?esµ??et????e t? 2006. ?? ???tat? ?????t??? ???ast????, µe µ?a se??? ap?f?se?? (2197 ??? 2203/2010), ap?????e ?? aß?s?µ??? ????? t??? ?s????sµ??? t?? p??sfe????t?? ??????ta? ?t? se ?a???a s?µe?? de? s??????eta? t? ep?µa?? p??ed???? d??ta?µa µe t?? s??ta?µat???? ep?ta??? ?a? t?? d?at??e?? t?? ?S??, ?p?? ?p?st????a? ?? t?ape???p???????.
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