??p?? ?a??d?sµa...

??? te???? t?? p??tas? ??a t?? s??t??e?? ??e? ?t??µ? ? ??ß????s?, p?? ?a efa?µ?se? ??a s?st?µa t???? «p??????» sta asfa??st??? ?aµe?a. ?? p?s? t?? s??ta??? ?a e?a?t?ta? ap? ta ?t? asf???s?? ?a? t?? e?sf???? sta ?aµe?a ????a?, ep????????? ?a? epa??e?µat???? asf???s??.

??s?ast???, ?a ?p???e? ???? t??p?? ?p?????sµ?? t?? s??t??e?? st?? ????a asf???s?, µe t? ?p????e?? ???as?a? ?a d?aßeßa???e? p?? «?a???a ??s?µ? de? ?a p??a??e? ?aµ???». ?? a??a??? epe?te????ta? ?a? st?? ep???????? asf???s?, e?? ?a d????? f????????? ????t?a ??a t?...

...d?µ??????a epa??e?µat???? ?aµe???. G?a «???f? a?e???a», p?? de? ?ata???feta? sta ep?s?µa stat?st??? st???e?a, µ??? ? GSEE, ep?s?µa????ta? p?? ?p?????? 300.000 ??e???? «fa?t?sµata».

?? ?????d????aµµa
? ?p?????? ???as?a?, ??d??a? ??ß??d??, ?a? ? ?f?p??????, G?????? ???t???µ????, ?a a??????? ta ?a?t?? t??? ??a t?? s??t??e?? µet? t?? 10 Feß???a????. ????? t?te ?a ??e? ?????????e? ? ?????????? d??????? ??a t?? p???? ???µat?d?t?s?? t?? asfa??st???? s?st?µat??.

?? a??a??? st?? t??p? ?p?????sµ?? t?? s??t??e?? ?a «t??????» stad?a??, p???e?µ???? ?a µ?? a?f??d?ast??? ?? e??a??µe??? ?a? ?p???e? ??µa µa????? f???? (??t? p?? ?a ?d??e t?... ?a??st??? ß??? sta ?aµe?a). St???? e??a? ta p??ta µ?t?a ?a ??f???? ?µesa (p.?. ??a ta epa??e?µat??? ?aµe?a), t? ep?µe?? ??µa a??a??? ?a ???e? t? 2013 (µe ta ep????????) ?a? ? efa?µ??? t?? ???? «µ??t????» ?a ?????????e? t? 2018.

?? µe???? «st????µa» t?? ?p. ???as?a? af??? sta ?aµe?a ????a? asf???s??, ?p?? a????e? ? t??p?? ?p?????sµ?? t?? s??t??e??. ?? te???? p?s? ?a p????pte? ap? t?? p??s?es? t?? ßas???? s??ta??? (p?? ?a e??a? ?d?a ??a ?????) ?a? t?? a?a??????? s??ta??? (p?? ?a e?a?t?ta? ap? ta ?t? asf???s?? ?a? t?? e?sf????).

? ßas??? s??ta?? ?a ?a??e???e? se ??a ta ?aµe?a (µ?s??t??, a?t?apas?????µ????, e??a??µ???? st?? e???te?? d?µ?s?? t?µ?a) µe e?a??es? t?? ?G?. ???a?????? ?a e??a? ?s?? ????? s?µp????se? 4.500 ?µ??e? asf???s?? a??? ?a? ?? a?asf???st??, ef?s?? p?????? s???e???µ??e? p???p???se?? (p.?. ???? ?????a?).

?? te???? p?s? t?? s??ta??? de? ??e? a??µa ??e?d?se? ?a? ?a e?a?t??e? ap? t? p?te ?a te?e? se ?s?? ? s?et??? ???µ?s?. G?a pa??de??µa, µe ta s?µe???? ded?µ??a t? p?s? a?t? ?a µp????se ?a e??a? 350 e??? t?? µ??a.

G?a t?? p??sa???s? t?? ßas???? s??ta??? ?a d????? ????t?a asf???s?? ?a? pa?aµ???? st?? e??as?a. ??s?ast???, ?a efa?µ?ste? ??a «a?a??????» s?st?µa, ?ste ???e ?????? asf???s?? ?a ?d??e? se µe?a??te?? s??ta??.

S?µe?a de? ?p?????? s?µa?t???? d?af???? st? p?s? t?? s??ta??? ??a ?s??? ????? ap? 4.500 ??? ?a? 7.500 ?µ??e? asf???s??. ??t? ??e? ?? ap?t??esµa p????? e??a??µe??? µe t? s?µp????s? 4.500 e?s?µ?? (?p?te ?eµe??????? d??a??µa s??ta???d?t?s??) ?a st??f??ta? st? «µa??? e??as?a» µ???? ?a «p??s???» t? ???? ?????a?, s?µf??a µe t??? ep?te?e?? t?? ?p????e???.

G?a ?a ???p????e? t? µ?t??, ?a ?a????st??? ???? s??te?est?? ??a t?? ?p?????sµ? t?? s??t??e?? se ??a ta asfa??st??? ?aµe?a. ???? t? pa??? e?et????ta? d?af??et??? se????a, ?p?? e??a? ? ?p?????sµ?? t?? s?????? t?? asfa??st???? ß??? ? e?a??a?t??? t?? ?a??te??? pe?taet?a?.

?????, ?a d????? ????t?a e?e???t???? pa?aµ???? st?? e??as?a µet? t? ?eµe???s? s??ta???d?t???? d??a??µat??. St?? te???? p??tas? ?a p??ß??peta? µe?a??te?? p??sa???s? st? s??ta?? (ap? t? 2.5% ?a p?e? st? 3.5%) ??a ?s??? s??e?????? ?a d???e???? ?a? µet? t? s?µp????s? t?? ????? ?????a?.

?????G? ?? ?? ????????? ?O? ?????O?
t? 20% ?? ep????????? ?a? taµe??... epe?d?se??

??? «t?p??» ?a d?µ???????e? st?? ep???????? asf???s?, µe t? ???? t?? s??t??e?? ?a d?aµ??f??eta? a?????a µe t?? ??????µ??? ?at?stas? t?? ?aµe???. ?p?p???? st? t?ap??? t?? d?a????? ?a ?atate?e? p??tas? ??a ??? t??p? a???p???s?? t?? e?sf????, µe ß?s? ?a? t?? e???pa??? eµpe???a.

S???e???µ??a, t? p?s?st? t?? ep????????? s??t??e?? ?a d?aµ??f??eta? st? 20% t?? s??t???µ?? µ?s??? ??a ta pe??ss?te?a ?aµe?a. ? s???e???µ??? ???µ?s? ?a te?e? se ?s?? ap? t?? 1? ?a???a???? 2013, ?p?? p??ß??pe? ?a? ? asfa??st???? ??µ?? t?? 2008.

Ost?s?, ?s?? asfa??st???? f??e?? ap?de????? µe a?a????st??? µe??t? p?? e??a? ??????µ??? ß??s?µ?? ?a µp????? ?a ???????? µe?a??te?? p?s?st? ep????????? s??t??e??. G?a pa??de??µa, ap? ta µ???? t??a st???e?a a?s??d??a e??a? ta... µ???µata ??a t? ????? (t?? f???a t?? d?µ?t???? ?a? ?????t???? ?pa??????), t? ??????? (p?? ?a??pte? t??? e??a??µe???? sta asfa??st??? taµe?a) ?a? t?? f???a t?? asfa??st???? ep??e???se??.

G?a p??t? f??? st? t?ap??? t?? d?a????? ?a ?atate?e? ?a? p??tas? ??a a??a??? st?? t??p? a???p???s?? t?? e?sf???? -µe e?sa???? ?a? ?efa?a??p???t???? st???e???- se µ?a p??sp??e?a ?a a??????? ?? ep????????? s??t??e??.

Sta se????a p?? e?et????ta? e??a? ? efa?µ??? e??? «µe??t??» s?st?µat?? a???p???s?? t?? e?sf???? st?? ep???????? asf???s?, µe ß?s? ?a? t?? e???pa??? eµpe???a. G?a pa??de??µa, µp??e? ??a µ???? µ???? t?? ???µ?t?? ap? t?? e?sf???? (p.?. p?s?st? 4%) ?a p??a??e? se ????st? ???a??asµ? ?a? ?a epe?d?eta? ap? ta ?aµe?a (??a pa??de??µa, se aµ??ßa?a ?ef??a?a, µet???? ?.a.).

?a?a?t???st??? e??a? t? pa??de??µa t?? S???d?a?, ?p?? ap? t? 1994 a?????e? ???µ?se?? efa?µ????ta? a??µa ?a? st?? ????a asf???s?. S???e???µ??a ?? asfa??sµ???? ?ataß?????? t? 18,5% t?? e?s?d?µ?t?? t??? ??a e?sf????, µe t? 2,5% ?a ?ate????eta? se at?µ??? epe?d?t??? ???a??asµ?.

?? ?p????p? 16% ???µat?d?te? t? d?a?eµ?t??? s?st?µa t?? ?a????sµ???? e?sf????. ? p??t?t?p?a t?? s?st?µat?? e??a? ?t? ?e?t????e? µe ?e???t????? at?µ????? ???a??asµ???, p?? ???e ????? epa??????ta? ?at? t? ?at? ?efa??? p?s?st? a???s?? t?? µ?s???.

? s??ta?? ?p??????eta? µe ß?s? a?t?? t?? ???a??asµ?, t? p??sd???µ? ep?ß??s?? ?a? t?? ?????a s??ta???d?t?s?? p?? e??a? e?????t?. S???e???µ??a ep?t??peta? ? s??ta???d?t?s? ap? t? 61? ?t??, a??? ????????ta? ????? ????t?a pa?aµ???? µ???? ?a? t? 70? ?t??. ?a??µ??? s?st?µa efa?µ??e? ?a? ? ??????a.

?? ??? t?p??

* St? 20% t?? s??t???µ?? µ?s??? ?a d?aµ??f????? t? 2013 ?? ep????????? s??t??e??.
* ?????te?e? s??t??e?? ?a ???????? ta ??????µ??? e???sta ?aµe?a.
* St? t?ap??? ?a ?atate?e? p??tas? ??a a??a??? st?? t??p? a???p???s?? t?? e?sf????, µe e?sa???? ?a? ?efa?a??p???t???? st???e???.

???????... S??????
?p????? µe ??pt?s? f???? sta epa??e?µat??? ?aµe?a

?e f????????? ????t?a ?a... de?east??? ?? e??a??µe??? ??a ?a st?af??? st?? epa??e?µat??? asf???s?. Se ???e ???d? ?a µp??e? ?a ?d??eta? epa??e?µat??? ?aµe??, ?pe?ta ap? s?µf???a t?? e???d?t???? ??????s?? ?a? t?? s??d???t?? t?? e??a??µ????. ?? p?s?st? t?? e?sf???? ?a ?a?????eta? ap? t?? eµp?e??µe?e? p?e????, e?? ? asf???s? ?a e??a? p??a??et???. St???? e??a? ta s???e???µ??a ?aµe?a ?a ???????? µ?a t??t? s??ta?? -µet? t?? ????a ?a? t?? ep????????- st??? asfa??sµ?????. S?µe???eta? p?? ? ?esµ?? t?? epa??e?µat???? ?aµe??? ?p???e? ?d? st? ???a µa?, a??? de? ??e? ap???s?, e?a?t?a? t?? ???e???? ??????µ???? ????t???. ???a? ?a?a?t???st??? p?? ?e?t??????? µ???? p??te epa??e?µat??? ?aµe?a (p.?. st? ??????µ??? ep?µe??t????, sta ????), ta ?p??a pa?????? ??e????µ??? pe???a???, a??? de? ???????? p??s?et? s??ta??.

St? ??? asfa??st??? ??µ?s??d?? ?a p??ß??p??ta? ??????µ??? ????t?a ??a ?s??? e??a??µ????? st?af??? st?? epa??e?µat??? asf???s?. G?a pa??de??µa, de? ?a f?????????ta? ??a ta ???µata p?? ?ataß?????? ?? e?sf???? sta epa??e?µat??? ?aµe?a.

?e ß?s? t? ??µ??es?a, ta epa??e?µat??? ?aµe?a e??a? ??µ??? p??s?pa ?d??t???? d??a??? µ? ?e?d?s??p???? ?a?a?t??a, p?? ?d????ta? p??a??et??? µeta?? t??????st?? 100 e??a??µ????, a?t?apas?????µe??? ? a???t?? ?a? ????? ?a?a?t??a a?tap?d?t???. ?a s???e???µ??a ?aµe?a ep?pte???ta? ap? t? ?p????e?? ???as?a? ?a? e??????ta? ap? t?? ?????? ??a????st??? ???? ?a? ????t??? e?e??t?? (??µ?? ??ppa). ?a s???e???µ??a ?aµe?a e??a? ?d?a?te?a «d?µ?f???» sta ???a ???t?-µ??? t?? ????pa???? ???s?? ?a? e??a? ?a?a?t???st???? ?? pe??pt?se?? t?? S???d?a?, t?? Ga???a? ?a? t?? ???µ???? ?as??e???.

S???G????S
Se????a t??µ?? ??a t?? a???s? t?? a?e???a?

S e «ef???t?» ??a t?? ??ß????s? e?e??sseta? t? p??ß??µa t?? a?e???a?, µe t?? a?µ?d?? ?p????? A?d??a ??ß??d? ?a p??ß??pe? ??a e?at?µµ???? a??????? t? fet??? ??????. Se pe??pt?s? p?? epa???e?t??? ta d?s????a a?t? se????a, t? p?s?st? t?? a?e???a? ?a e?t??e?te? st? 21%, d??ad? ?a µ???µe p???? ??a «?spa????» ???µe?a.

St? ??ße???t??? st?at?ped? ????????? p?? p??pe? ?a ??f???? ?µesa µ?t?a ??a t?? a?t?µet?p?s? t?? ?at?stas??, ?a??? st?? a?t??et? pe??pt?s? e??a? ??at?? ? ???d???? ?????????? ???????. O? ??e???? p?? a?a??t??? d???e?? ß??s???ta? a?t?µ?t?p?? µe ??e?st?? «p??te?» ?a? ?? e??a???e? apas????s?? e??a? p???? pe?????sµ??e?.

Ap? t? µ?a ?p???e? ap????µ?a t?? e???d?t?? ?a p??????s??? se ??e? p??s???e??, ???? ?a? t?? ??????µ???? ???s?? (µe t? p??ß??µa ?a e??a? e?t???te?? st??? t?µe?? t?? ?atas?e??? ?a? t?? t????sµ??, ?a??? ?a? st?? µ????? ep??e???se??). Ap? t?? ???? ?p???e? pe?????sµ?? t?? p??s???e?? st?? d?µ?s?? t?µ?a ?a? ?at????s? t?? ep?d?t??µe??? p????aµµ?t?? stage, ta ?p??a «????pta?» 50.000 ?t?µa.

T?? ?d?a st??µ? t? ??????µ??? «ad????d?» t?? OAE? de? af??e? µe???a pe??????a st?? ?p????? E??as?a? ??a t?? ???p???s? ep?d?t??µe??? p????aµµ?t?? apas????s?? ?a? ?at??t?s??, p?? ?a «ap????f??sa?» µ???? t?? a??????. O O??a??sµ?? a?a??te? 50 µe 60 e?at?µµ???a e??? ??a ?a ß???e? t?? µ??a, µe t?? ?p????? E??as?a? ?a d????e? ?a?a?t???st??? p?? «ta taµe?a e??a? ?de?a, de? ?p???e? s????».

A?t? p?? a?aµ??eta? ?a ???e? p???? ? ??ß????s? e??a? t? tet?aet?? p????aµµa ep?d?t?s?? t?? asfa??st???? e?sf???? se ?se? ep??e???se?? p??s?aµß????? ????? a???????. T? ???? t?? ep?d?t?s?? ?a ?e???? ap? 100% t?? p??t? ????? ?a? stad?a?? ?a p?fte? st? 25% t? t?ta?t? ?t?? (??a ta ?t?µa µe e?d???? a????e? t? p????aµµa ?a ??e? pe?taet? d????e?a).

???t?? t? p?a?µat??? p?s?st? t?? a?e???a? st? ???a µa? e??a? d?s???? ?a ?p?????ste?! Me ß?s? t?? E????? Stat?st??? Yp??es?a, t?? O?t?ß??? 491.000 ?t?µa a?a??t??sa? d???e??, µe t? p?s?st? t?? a?e???a? ?a d?aµ??f??eta? st? 9,8% (t? a?t?st???? p?s?st? t?? O?t?ß??? t?? 2008 ?ta? 7,4%).

«???f? a?e???a»
G?a «???f? a?e???a», p?? de? ?ata???feta? sta ep?s?µa stat?st??? st???e?a, µ??? ? GSEE, ep?s?µa????ta? p?? ?p?????? 300.000 ??e???? «fa?t?sµata». E??a? ?a?a?t???st??? p?? sta ep?s?µa st???e?a de? ?p????????ta? ?s?? ????? ap????te?te? ap? t?? p??sp??e?a e?e??es?? µ?a? ??s?? e??as?a?, ?s?? ????? d?????e? ?st? ?a? µ?a ??a t?? te?e?ta?a eßd?µ?da a??? ?a? ?s?? µet????? se p?????µµata ?at??t?s??.

O ep?st?µ?????? s??e???t?? t?? I?st?t??t?? E??as?a? t?? GSEE, S?ßßa? P?µp????, e?t?µ? p?? f?t?? ? p?a?µat??? a?e???a ?a ??µa??e? ap? 16,5% ??? 17%. A?t? p?a?t??? s?µa??e? p?? 850.000 ?t?µa ?a a?a??t??? µ?a ??s? st?? a???? e??as?a?.

S?µe???eta? p??, µe ß?s? t?? e?t?µ?se?? t?? e?d????, ??a ?a ?p?????? 100.000 ???? ??e????, ?a p??pe? ?a ??e?s??? f?t?? pe??p?? 10.000 ep??e???se??. Ep?p???? ap? t??? 80.000 ????? p?? a?a??t??? ??a p??t? f??? d???e?? e?t?µ?ta? p?? ?? 50.000 µe 60.000 de? ?a ?ataf????? ?a e?ta????? st?? a???? e??as?a?.

? p??ß?e??
1 e?at. ?a ft?s??? f?t?? ?? ??e???? st? ???a µa?, s?µf??a µe t?? ?p????? ???as?a?, ??d??a ??ß??d?.

? GSS?
17 % ??s?st? a?e???a? 16.5% µe 17% ?a? 850.000 a??????? «pe??µ??e?» ? GS??.

? stat?st???
9,8 % ??? ?d?a st??µ?, p?s?st? a?e???a? 9,8% t?? ??t?ß??? ?ata???fe? ? ?????? Stat?st??? ?p??es?a
???????? ?????????? - ?T??S